Algoritmusok Python nyelven¶

4. Előadás, Objektumorientált programozás 1.¶

2020. március 5.¶

Technikai információk¶

Diák elérhetősége:¶

damasdigabor.web.elte.hu/teaching

Óra kezdés: 14:00

a=5
def f():
    print(a)
f()

5

a=5
def f():
    
    a=a+1
    print(a)
f()

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnboundLocalError                         Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-4b64863d662b> in <module>
      4     a=a+1
      5     print(a)
----> 6 f()

<ipython-input-2-4b64863d662b> in f()
      2 def f():
      3 
----> 4     a=a+1
      5     print(a)
      6 f()

UnboundLocalError: local variable 'a' referenced before assignment

Namespace (névtér)¶

A namespace a változó nevek és az objektumok közti leképezés. Pl:

beépített nevekhez (abs(), sorted(), int stb...) tartozik egy namespace
globális namespace: ide kerülnek a függvényeken kívül létrehozott változók
lokális namespece: minden függvény létrehoz egy saját namespacet, először abban keres

Különböző namespacekben szerepelhet egyező név!

# Ez egy szándékosan zavaróan megírt kód. 
a=5                       # a globális namespaceben 'a' az 5-re fog mutatni
def foo(a):               # ez már egy másik `a`, ami a foo() függvény namespaceben él
    print(a+1)            # itt a foo()-hoz tartozó 'a'-ra hivatkozunk.   
    def belsofugveny(a):  # ez egy harmadik 'a' változó, ez már a belsofugveny()-hez tartozik
        print(a+5);       # itt a belsofugveny()-hez tartozó 'a'-ra hivatkozunk.  
    belsofugveny(a)       # itt a foo()-hoz tartozó 'a'-ra hivatkozunk.    
   
foo(10)
a                         # itt a globális 'a'-ra hivatkozunk.

Scope¶

Minden namespacehez tartozik egy scope. A scope a kódnak az a része, ahol a neveket automatikusan abban az adott namespaceben keresi a program.

a=5                       #
                          #
def foo(a):                   # 
    print(a+1)                #    
                              #   
    def belsofugveny(a):          # 
        print(a+5);               #
                              #
    belsofugveny(a)           # 
                          #
foo(10)                   #  
a                         #

Hogyan érjük el egy másik namespaceben lévő objektumokat?¶

nonlocal valnev megmondja, hogy eggyel kintebbi scopeban keressen. (Pontosabban, a "legutóbbi" nem lokális használatot keresi)
global valnev megmondja, hogy a globális scopeban keressen.

def scope_test():
    def do_local():
        spam = "local spam"

    def do_nonlocal():
        nonlocal spam
        spam = "nonlocal spam"

    def do_global():
        global spam
        spam = "global spam"

    spam = "test spam"
    do_local()
    print("lokális értékadás után:", spam)
    do_nonlocal()
    print("nonlocal kulcsszó után:", spam)
    do_global()
    print("global kulcsszó után:", spam)

scope_test()
print("globális scopeban:", spam)

A másik lehetőség, hogy megadjuk, hogy melyik namespaceben kell keresni.

import math
math.pi           # a math modul namespaceben keresi a pi nevű változót

Vajon ezeknél mit történik?

a=5
def f():
    global a
    print(a)
    a=a+1
f()

l=[1,2,3]
def f():
    l.append("matek")
    print(l)
f()

Programozási paradigmák¶

Sokféle van, például:

Procedurális
Funckionális
Objektumorientált

Példa: Főzés vs matek vs autók¶

Mikor melyiket válasszuk?

Python¶

többféle stílusban is lehet használni, a fentiek mindegyikét tudja többé kevésbé
sokszor vegyesen is használjuk
erősen támogatja az objektumorientált paradigmát. Minden objektum!

import random
def foo():
    pass
[int,bool,foo,random]

Objektumorientált programozás¶

Osztályok: A programot objektumok köré szervezzük. Minden objektum tartalmaz adatokat és metódusokat, amik az adatokat kezelik.
Öröklődés (Inheritance): Specifikusabb objektumokat hozhatunk létre korábbiak, melyek öröklik a korábbiak tulajdonságait
Egységbezárás (Encapsulation): Az összetartozó adatokat és metódusokat együtt kezeljük.
Absztrakció (Abstraction): A belső működést elrejtjük és csak a szükséges részt mutatjuk meg a felhasználónak.
Polimorfizmus (Polymorphism): A leszármazottak és példányok felülírhatják a metódusokat. Több osztályból is örököltethetünk egyszerre.

Osztály (class) definiálása¶

class kulcsszóval
példányokat tudunk létrehozni
minden példánynak van egy saját namespace
attribútumokat tudunk kapcsolni hozzájuk melyek nem befolyásolják a többi példány attribútumait

class Ember:
    pass

a=Ember()
a.nev="Gipsz Jakab"
a.kor=24
b=Ember()
b.nev="Gipsz Jakabné"
b.kor=22
c=Ember()
l=[a,b]
for e in l:
    print(e.nev,e.kor)

type(a)

Init¶

__init__ függvény automatikusan meghívódik amikor a példány elkészül.
- olyasmi mint egy konstruktor
- nem kötelező
minden függvény első paramétere maga a példány. Ezt megszokásból self-nek hívjuk.

class Ember:
    def __init__(self,nev,kor):
        print("Létrejött egy ember")
        self.kor = kor
        self.nev = nev

a=Ember("Gipsz Jakab",24)
b=Ember("Gipsz Jakabné",22)

l=[a,b]
for e in l:
    print(e.nev,e.kor)

Metódusok¶

Függvények az osztály definíciójában
Automatikusan az első argumentumuk a példány lesz.

class Ember:
    def __init__(self,nev,kor):
        self.kor = kor
        self.nev = nev
        
    def szuletesi_ev(self):    # egy paramétert vár
        print(2020-self.kor)
        
    def egykoru(self,other):    
        print(self.kor==other.kor)
 
    
a=Ember("Gipsz Jakab",24)
a.szuletesi_ev()                # de paraméter nélkül hívjuk meg, mivel az első paraméter maga 'a' lesz  
b=Ember("Gipsz Jakabné",22)
a.egykoru(b)

Metódusok meghívása¶

Két lehetőség van:

példány.metódus(param)
class.metódus(példány, param)

a=Ember("Gipsz Jakab",24)
a.szuletesi_ev()                
Ember.szuletesi_ev(a)

`str` metódus¶

Egy speciális metódus, amit arra használunk hogy megadjuk, hogy a print() függvény hogyan írja ki az objektumot.

print(a)

class Ember:
    def __init__(self,nev,kor,lakohely):
        self.kor = kor
        self.nev = nev
        self.lakohely = lakohely
    def __str__(self): 
        return self.nev+" egy "+str(self.kor)+" éves "+ self.lakohely + "i lakos."
    
a=Ember("Gipsz Jakab",24,"budapest")
print(a)
b=Ember("Gipsz Jakabné",22,"kecskemét")
print(b)

Gipsz Jakab egy 24 éves budapesti lakos.
Gipsz Jakabné egy 22 éves kecskeméti lakos.

Osztály attribútumok¶

Olyan attribútum, amin az ossztály összes tagja osztozik.

class Ember:
    letszam = 42

A példányokon és a class objektumon keresztül is elérjük¶

a = Ember()
a.letszam

42

Ember.letszam

42

Megváltoztatni a classon keresztül lehet¶

a1 = Ember()
a2 = Ember()

print(a1.letszam,a2.letszam)
Ember.letszam = 43
a1.letszam, a2.letszam

42 42

(43, 43)

A példányokon keresztül viszont nem¶

a1 = Ember()
a2 = Ember()

a1.letszam = 11
a1.letszam , a2.letszam

(11, 43)

Azért, mert ez egy új attribútumot hoz létre a példány namespacében.

a1.letszam

11

Öröklődés¶

class Ember:
    pass

class Matematikus(Ember):
    pass

e = Ember()
m = Matematikus()
print(isinstance(e, Matematikus))
print(isinstance(m, Ember))
print(issubclass(Ember, Matematikus))
print(issubclass(Matematikus,Ember))

False
True
False
True

Ha nem írunk semmilyen osztályt, automatikusan az object osztály a szülő osztály:

class A: pass
class B(object): pass

print(issubclass(A, object))
print(issubclass(B, object))

True
True

Metódus öröklődés¶

A metódusok öröklődnek, de felülírhatóak.

class A(object):
    def foo(self):
        print("A.foo függvény")
        
    def bar(self):
        print("A.bar függvény")
        
class B(A):
    def foo(self):
        print("B.foo függvény")
        
b = B()
b.foo()
b.bar()

B.foo függvény
A.bar függvény

Attribútum öröklődés¶

Mivel az adat attribútumok bárhol létrehozhatóak, csak akkor "öröklődnek", ha a szülő osztályban lévő kód meghívódik.

class A(object):
    
    def foo(self):
        self.value = 42
        
class B(A):
    pass

b = B()
print(b.__dict__)            # a __dict__ kiírja az összes attribútumot 
a = A()
print(a.__dict__)
a.foo()
print(a.__dict__)
print(b.__dict__)
b.foo()
print(b.__dict__)

{}
{}
{'value': 42}
{}
{'value': 42}

A szülő osztály konstruktora¶

meghívódik az szülő osztály __init__ függvénye. Viszont mivel az __init__ nem egy szokásos konstruktor, így nem hívódik meg automatikusan a szülő osztály init függvénye, ha felülírja a gyerek osztály.

class A(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print("A.__init__ called")
        
class B(A):
    #pass
    def __init__(self):
        print("B.__init__ called")
        
class C(A):
    pass
        
b = B()
print("c létrehozása")
c = C()

B.__init__ called
c létrehozása
A.__init__ called

A szülő osztály metódusai kétféleképpen is elérhetőek

a már tanult módon, az osztály nevével
vagy pedig a super függvény segítségével

class A(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print("A.__init__ ")
        
        
class B(A):
    def __init__(self):
        A.__init__(self)
        print("B.__init__ ")
        
class C(A):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        print("C.__init__ ")
        
print("B")
b = B()
print("C")
c = C()

B
A.__init__ 
B.__init__ 
C
A.__init__ 
C.__init__

class A(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print("A.__init__ ")
        
        
class B(A):
    def __init__(self):
        print("B.__init__ ")
        
class C(B):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        print("C.__init__ ")
        
c = C()

B.__init__ 
C.__init__

class Ember(object):
    
    def __init__(self, nev, kor):
        self.nev = nev
        self.kor = kor
        
    def __str__(self):
        return "{0}, életkor: {1}".format(self.nev, self.kor)
        
class Alkalmazott(Ember):
    
    def __init__(self, nev, kor, pozicio, fizetes):
        self.pozicio = pozicio
        self.fizetes = fizetes
        super().__init__(nev, kor)
        
    def __str__(self):
        return "{0}, pozíció: {1}, fizetés: {2}".format(super().__str__(), self.pozicio, self.fizetes)
    
    
e = Alkalmazott("Jakab Gipsz", 33, "főnök", 450000)
print(e)
print(Ember(e.nev, e.kor))

Jakab Gipsz, életkor: 33, pozíció: főnök, fizetés: 450000
Jakab Gipsz, életkor: 33

1. Példa: polinomok¶

class Polinom:
    
    def __init__(self, lista):
        self.ehlista=lista
       
    def __str__(self):
        szoveg=""
        for i,eh in enumerate(self.ehlista):
            szoveg=szoveg+str(eh)+"x^"+str(i)+"+"
        szoveg=szoveg.rstrip("+")    
        return szoveg
    
    def deri(self):
        l=[]
        for i,eh in enumerate(self.ehlista):
            if i==0:
                pass
            else:
                l.append(i*eh)
        return Polinom(l)

a=Polinom([1,2,4,5])
print(a)
print(a.deri())

1x^0+2x^1+4x^2+5x^3
2x^0+8x^1+15x^2

class Masodfoku(Polinom):
    def egyikgyok(self):
        a=self.ehlista[2]
        b=self.ehlista[1]
        c=self.ehlista[0]
        return (-b+(b**2-4*a*c)**(1/2))/(2*a)

p=Masodfoku([2,3,1])
print(p)
p.egyikgyok()

2x^0+3x^1+1x^2

-1.0

class Polinom:
    
    def __init__(self, lista):
        self.ehlista=lista
       
    def __str__(self):
        szoveg=""
        for i,eh in enumerate(self.ehlista):
            szoveg=szoveg+str(eh)+"x^"+str(i)+"+"
        szoveg=szoveg.rstrip("+")    
        return szoveg
    
    def deri(self):
        l=[]
        for i,eh in enumerate(self.ehlista):
            if i==0:
                pass
            else:
                l.append(i*eh)
        return Polinom(l)
    
    def beh(self,x):
        valasz=0
        for i,eh in enumerate(self.ehlista):
            valasz=valasz+eh*pow(x,i)
        return valasz
class Masodfoku(Polinom):
    def egyikgyok(self):
        a=self.ehlista[2]
        b=self.ehlista[1]
        c=self.ehlista[0]
        return (-b+(b**2-4*a*c)**(1/2))/(2*a) 
p=Polinom([2,1])
print(p.beh(5))
m=Masodfoku([1,2,1])
m.beh(m.egyikgyok())

7

0.0

2. Példa: Sárkányok¶

sarkany

class sarkany:
    def __init__(self, nev):
        self.nev=nev

class repulo_sarkany(sarkany):
    def __init__(self, nev, szarnyfesztav):
        super().__init__(nev)
        self.szarnyfesztav=szarnyfesztav
    
    def tamadas(self):
        print("A", self.nev, "nevű sárkány a levegőből rád vetette magát", )
        
    def repules(self):
        print("A", self.nev, "nevű sárkány a repül", )

smaug=repulo_sarkany("Smaug",12)
smaug.repules()
smaug.tamadas()

A Smaug nevű sárkány a repül
A Smaug nevű sárkány a levegőből rád vetette magát

class tuzokado_sarkany(sarkany):
    def __init__(self, nev):
        super().__init__(nev)
    
    def tamadas(self):
        print("A", self.nev, "nevű sárkány szénné égetett", )
        
    def tuzokadas(self):
        print("A", self.nev, "nevű sárkány a tüzet okád", )

susu=tuzokado_sarkany("Süsü")
susu.tuzokadas()
susu.tamadas()

A Süsü nevű sárkány a tüzet okád
A Süsü nevű sárkány szénné égetett

Többszörös öröklődés¶

mindegyik osztály metódusai öröklődnek

class repulo_tuzokado_sarkany(repulo_sarkany,tuzokado_sarkany):
     def __init__(self, nev, szarnyfesztav):
        self.nev=nev  
        self.szarnyfesztav=szarnyfesztav
     def tamadas(self):
        tuzokado_sarkany.tamadas(self)

Vajon mi lesz az eredmény?

viserion=repulo_tuzokado_sarkany("Viserion",25)
viserion.repules()
viserion.tuzokadas()
viserion.tamadas()
tuzokado_sarkany.tamadas(viserion)

A Viserion nevű sárkány a repül
A Viserion nevű sárkány a tüzet okád
A Viserion nevű sárkány szénné égetett
A Viserion nevű sárkány szénné égetett

Azt, hogy melyik hívódik meg, az MRO (Method Resolution Order) határozza meg. Ez egy sorrend az osztályokon, és egy metódus hívásnál addig megy a sorrendben még meg nem találja valamelyik osztályban a metódust. Nem pontosan így működik, de ökölszabálynak jó, hogy felfelé mélységi kersést végez, balról jobbra sorrendben.

Információk egy osztályról¶

általában van dokumentáció

import wikipedia
w=wikipedia.page("Budapest")

type(w)

wikipedia.wikipedia.WikipediaPage

w.__dict__

{'title': 'Budapest',
 'original_title': 'Budapest',
 'pageid': '36787',
 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest'}

", ".join(dir(wikipedia.wikipedia.WikipediaPage))

'_WikipediaPage__continued_query, _WikipediaPage__load, _WikipediaPage__title_query_param, __class__, __delattr__, __dict__, __dir__, __doc__, __eq__, __format__, __ge__, __getattribute__, __gt__, __hash__, __init__, __init_subclass__, __le__, __lt__, __module__, __ne__, __new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __setattr__, __sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__, __weakref__, categories, content, coordinates, html, images, links, parent_id, references, revision_id, section, sections, summary'

", ".join(dir(str))

'__add__, __class__, __contains__, __delattr__, __dir__, __doc__, __eq__, __format__, __ge__, __getattribute__, __getitem__, __getnewargs__, __gt__, __hash__, __init__, __init_subclass__, __iter__, __le__, __len__, __lt__, __mod__, __mul__, __ne__, __new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __rmod__, __rmul__, __setattr__, __sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__, capitalize, casefold, center, count, encode, endswith, expandtabs, find, format, format_map, index, isalnum, isalpha, isascii, isdecimal, isdigit, isidentifier, islower, isnumeric, isprintable, isspace, istitle, isupper, join, ljust, lower, lstrip, maketrans, partition, replace, rfind, rindex, rjust, rpartition, rsplit, rstrip, split, splitlines, startswith, strip, swapcase, title, translate, upper, zfill'

w.html()

'<div class="mw-parser-output"><p class="mw-empty-elt">\n</p>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the capital of Hungary. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Budapest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Budapest (disambiguation)">Budapest (disambiguation)</a>.</div>\n<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Hungary</div>\n<p class="mw-empty-elt">\n\n</p>\n<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Hungary</div><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Budapest</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category">Capital city</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;">Capital City of Hungary <br /><i>Budapest főváros</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Montage_of_Budapest.jpg" class="image" title="Clockwise from top left: St. Stephen&#39;s Basilica, Liberty Statue on Gellért Hill, Fisherman&#39;s Bastion, Széchenyi Chain Bridge, Hungarian Parliament and Heroes&#39; Square"><img alt="Clockwise from top left: St. Stephen&#39;s Basilica, Liberty Statue on Gellért Hill, Fisherman&#39;s Bastion, Széchenyi Chain Bridge, Hungarian Parliament and Heroes&#39; Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Montage_of_Budapest.jpg/275px-Montage_of_Budapest.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="318" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Montage_of_Budapest.jpg/413px-Montage_of_Budapest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Montage_of_Budapest.jpg/550px-Montage_of_Budapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="3240" /></a><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">Clockwise from top left: <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Basilica" title="St. Stephen&#39;s Basilica">St. Stephen\'s Basilica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Statue_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Statue (Budapest)">Liberty Statue</a> on <a href="/wiki/Gell%C3%A9rt_Hill" title="Gellért Hill">Gellért Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisherman%27s_Bastion" title="Fisherman&#39;s Bastion">Fisherman\'s Bastion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge" title="Széchenyi Chain Bridge">Széchenyi Chain Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Hungarian Parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C5%91s%C3%B6k_tere" title="Hősök tere">Heroes\' Square</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="maptable" style="text-align:center"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;">\n<div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Budapest_(2011-).svg" class="image" title="Flag of Budapest"><img alt="Flag of Budapest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Budapest_%282011-%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Budapest_%282011-%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Budapest_%282011-%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Budapest_%282011-%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Budapest_%282011-%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_Budapest_%282011-%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><br />Flag</div><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg" class="image" title="Coat of arms of Budapest"><img alt="Coat of arms of Budapest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg/100px-Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg/150px-Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg/200px-Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="529" /></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Budapest" title="Coat of arms of Budapest">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Nicknames:&#160;<div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Heart of Europe, Queen of the Danube, Pearl of the Danube, Capital of Freedom, Capital of Spas and Thermal Baths, Capital of Festivals</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="switcher-container"><div class="center"><div style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungary_physical_map.svg" class="image" title="Budapest is located in Hungary"><img alt="Budapest is located in Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hungary_physical_map.svg/250px-Hungary_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hungary_physical_map.svg/375px-Hungary_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hungary_physical_map.svg/500px-Hungary_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="527" /></a><div style="position:absolute;top:39.621%;left:44.685%"><div style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><img alt="Budapest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Budapest" width="6" height="6" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:4px;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline;padding:1px;float:left">Budapest</div></div></div></div><div>Location within Hungary</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Hungary</span></div></div></div><div class="center"><div style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="image" title="Budapest is located in Europe"><img alt="Budapest is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a><div style="position:absolute;top:66.187%;left:50.404%"><div style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><img alt="Budapest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Budapest" width="6" height="6" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:4px;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline;padding:1px;float:left">Budapest</div></div></div></div><div>Location within Europe</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Coordinates: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Budapest&amp;params=47_29_33_N_19_03_05_E_type:city_region:HU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°29′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">19°03′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.49250°N 19.05139°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">47.49250; 19.05139</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Budapest&amp;params=47_29_33_N_19_03_05_E_type:city_region:HU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°29′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">19°03′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.49250°N 19.05139°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">47.49250; 19.05139</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Country</th><td>Hungary</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Hungary" title="List of regions of Hungary">Region</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Central_Hungary" title="Central Hungary">Central Hungary</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Unification of <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%93buda" title="Óbuda">Óbuda</a></th><td>17 November 1873</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Boroughs</th><td><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;">\n<div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Budapest" title="List of districts in Budapest">23 Districts</a></div>\n<ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/District_I,_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="District I, Budapest">I., Várkerület</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3zsadomb" title="Rózsadomb">II., Rózsadomb</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">III., <a href="/wiki/%C3%93buda" title="Óbuda">Óbuda</a>-<a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A1smegyer" title="Békásmegyer">Békásmegyer</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ajpest" title="Újpest">IV., Újpest</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/District_V,_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="District V, Budapest">V., Belváros-Lipótváros</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%A9zv%C3%A1ros" title="Terézváros">VI., Terézváros</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Erzs%C3%A9betv%C3%A1ros" title="Erzsébetváros">VII., Erzsébetváros</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsefv%C3%A1ros" title="Józsefváros">VIII., Józsefváros</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ferencv%C3%A1ros" title="Ferencváros">IX., Ferencváros</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%91b%C3%A1nya" title="Kőbánya">X., Kőbánya</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ajbuda" title="Újbuda">XI., Újbuda</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hegyvid%C3%A9k" title="Hegyvidék">XII., Hegyvidék</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Angyalf%C3%B6ld" title="Angyalföld">XIII., Angyalföld</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zugl%C3%B3" title="Zugló">XIV., Zugló</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1kospalota" title="Rákospalota">XV., Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sashalom" title="Sashalom">XVI., Sashalom</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1koskereszt%C3%BAr" title="Rákoskeresztúr">XVII., Rákosmente</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pestszentl%C5%91rinc" title="Pestszentlőrinc">XVIII., Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kispest" title="Kispest">XIX., Kispest</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pesterzs%C3%A9bet" title="Pesterzsébet">XX., Pesterzsébet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Csepel" title="Csepel">XXI., Csepel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Budafok" title="Budafok">XXII., Budafok-Tétény</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Soroks%C3%A1r" title="Soroksár">XXIII., Soroksár</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Government<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-municipality_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-municipality-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Type</th><td>Mayor – Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Body</th><td class="agent"><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Budapest" title="General Assembly of Budapest">General Assembly of Budapest</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Budapest" title="Mayor of Budapest">Mayor</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gergely_Kar%C3%A1csony" title="Gergely Karácsony">Gergely Karácsony</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dialogue_for_Hungary" title="Dialogue for Hungary">Dialogue</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Area<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Capital city</th><td>525.2&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (202.8&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Urban<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>2,538&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (980&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Metro<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>7,626&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (2,944&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Elevation<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup></div></th><td>Lowest (<a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>) 96 m <br /> Highest (<a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Tower_in_the_Buda_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvedere Tower in the Buda Hills">János hill</a>) 527&#160;m (315 to 1,729&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Population<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(2017)<sup id="cite_ref-ksh.hu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksh.hu-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Budapest_City_Review_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budapest_City_Review-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Capital city</th><td>1,750,268<sup id="cite_ref-Population18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population18-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Rank</th><td><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in Hungary">1st</a> (<a href="/wiki/Largest_cities_of_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits">9th in EU</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Density</th><td>3,388/km<sup>2</sup> (8,770/sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>2,978,067<sup id="cite_ref-Urban_area_populaton_–_Budapest_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urban_area_populaton_–_Budapest-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>3,011,598<sup id="cite_ref-appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu_show_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu_show-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td>Budapester, budapesti <small><i>(Hungarian)</i></small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><span style="white-space:nowrap">&#160;•&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Hungary" title="Postal codes in Hungary">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">1011–1239</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Hungary" title="Telephone numbers in Hungary">Area code</a></th><td>1</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="nickname">HU-BU</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">NUTS</a> code</th><td>HU101</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2017)</th><td>0.896<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Website</th><td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.budapestinfo.hu/en/">BudapestInfo Official</a></span><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://budapest.hu/sites/english/Lapok/default.aspx">Government Official</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="border:4px solid #FFE153; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;">\n<a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official&#160;name</th><td>Budapest, including the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Promenade" title="Danube Promenade">Banks of the Danube</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Buda_Castle" title="Buda Castle">Buda Castle</a> Quarter and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1ssy_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrássy Avenue">Andrássy Avenue</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="category">Cultural: ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/400">400</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td>1987 (11th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Extensions</th><td>2002</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="category">473.3 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer&#160;zone</th><td class="category">493.8 ha</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p><b>Budapest</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;">b</span><span title="/uː/: &#39;oo&#39; in &#39;goose&#39;">uː</span><span title="&#39;d&#39; in &#39;dye&#39;">d</span><span title="/ə/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;">ə</span><span title="&#39;p&#39; in &#39;pie&#39;">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: &#39;e&#39; in &#39;dress&#39;">ɛ</span><span title="&#39;s&#39; in &#39;sigh&#39;">s</span><span title="&#39;t&#39; in &#39;tie&#39;">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <small>Hungarian pronunciation:&#160;</small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈbudɒpɛʃt]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_of_Hungary" title="List of cities and towns of Hungary">most populous city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Largest_cities_of_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits">ninth-largest city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> by population within city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-TIME2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIME2-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> The city has an estimated population of 1,752,286 over a land area of about 525 square kilometres (203 square miles).<sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> Budapest is both a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_of_Hungary" title="List of cities and towns of Hungary">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">county</a>, and forms the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_metropolitan_area" title="Budapest metropolitan area">Budapest metropolitan area</a>, which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres (2,944 square miles) and a population of 3,303,786, comprising 33% of the population of Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/History_of_Budapest" title="History of Budapest">history of Budapest</a> began when an early <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> settlement transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Aquincum" title="Aquincum">Aquincum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Aqua_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aqua-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> the capital of <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Lower Pannonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aqua_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aqua-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian people">Hungarians</a> arrived in the territory in the late 9th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Travel_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Travel-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> but the area was pillaged by the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Mongols</a> in 1241–42.<sup id="cite_ref-Eleventh_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eleventh-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> Re-established <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> became one of the centres of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance humanist</a> culture by the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> \nThe <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a>, in 1526, was followed by nearly 150 years of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Buda_(1686)" title="Siege of Buda (1686)">reconquest of Buda</a> in 1686, the region entered a new age of prosperity, with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93buda" title="Óbuda">Óbuda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a> on 17 November 1873, with the name \'Budapest\' given to the new capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup> Budapest also became the co-capital of the <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great power</a> that dissolved in 1918, following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The city was the focal point of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Budapest">Battle of Budapest</a> in 1945, and the <a href="/wiki/1956_Hungarian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1956 Hungarian Revolution">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wilson_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson-27">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Budapest is an <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network#Alpha_−" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network"><i>Alpha −</i> global city</a> with strengths in commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup> It is Hungary\'s <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial centre</a><sup id="cite_ref-GFCI_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup> and was ranked as the second fastest-developing <a href="/wiki/Urban_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban economy">urban economy</a> in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> Budapest is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology" title="European Institute of Innovation and Technology">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/European_Police_College" title="European Police College">European Police College</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup> and the first foreign office of the <a href="/wiki/China_Investment_Promotion_Agency" title="China Investment Promotion Agency">China Investment Promotion Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">&#91;34&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Hungary">Over 40 colleges and universities</a> are located in Budapest, including the <a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Eötvös Loránd University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Semmelweis_University" title="Semmelweis University">Semmelweis University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_University_of_Technology_and_Economics" title="Budapest University of Technology and Economics">Budapest University of Technology and Economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup> Opened in 1896,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">&#91;37&#93;</a></sup> the city\'s subway system, the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Metro" title="Budapest Metro">Budapest Metro</a>, serves 1.27&#160;million, while the <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Budapest" title="Trams in Budapest">Budapest Tram Network</a> serves 1.08&#160;million passengers daily.<sup id="cite_ref-BKV-report_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BKV-report-38">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Among Budapest\'s important museums and cultural institutions is the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Budapest)" title="Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)">Museum of Fine Arts</a>. Further famous cultural institutions are the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Museum" title="Hungarian National Museum">Hungarian National Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Terror" title="House of Terror">House of Terror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt_Academy_of_Music" title="Franz Liszt Academy of Music">Franz Liszt Academy of Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Opera_House" title="Hungarian State Opera House">Hungarian State Opera House</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Sz%C3%A9ch%C3%A9nyi_Library" title="National Széchényi Library">National Széchényi Library</a>. The central area of the city along the <a href="/wiki/Danube_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube River">Danube River</a> is classified as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> and has several notable monuments, including the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Hungarian Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buda_Castle" title="Buda Castle">Buda Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisherman%27s_Bastion" title="Fisherman&#39;s Bastion">Fisherman\'s Bastion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gresham_Palace" title="Gresham Palace">Gresham Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge" title="Széchenyi Chain Bridge">Széchenyi Chain Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Church" title="Matthias Church">Matthias Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Statue_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Statue (Budapest)">Liberty Statue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup> Other famous landmarks include <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1ssy_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrássy Avenue">Andrássy Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Basilica" title="St. Stephen&#39;s Basilica">St. Stephen\'s Basilica</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%91s%C3%B6k_tere" title="Hősök tere">Heroes\' Square</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Market_Hall_(Budapest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Market Hall (Budapest)">Great Market Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Budapest-Nyugati_Railway_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest-Nyugati Railway Terminal">Nyugati Railway Station</a> built by the <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(company)" title="Eiffel (company)">Eiffel Company</a> of Paris in 1877 and the second-oldest <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">metro line</a> in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Budapest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 1 (Budapest Metro)">Millennium Underground Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ICOMOS_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICOMOS-40">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup> The city also has around <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Medicinal_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Széchenyi Medicinal Bath">80 geothermal springs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup> the largest thermal water cave system,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">&#91;42&#93;</a></sup> second largest <a href="/wiki/Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue" title="Dohány Street Synagogue">synagogue</a>, and third largest <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Parliament</a> building in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">&#91;43&#93;</a></sup> Budapest <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hungary" title="Tourism in Hungary">attracts</a> around 12 million international tourists per year, making it a highly popular destination in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-euromonitor_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euromonitor-44">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup> The city was chosen as the <i>Best European Destination</i> of 2019, a major poll conducted by EBD, a tourism organisation partnering with the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup> It also topped the <i>Best European Destinations 2020</i> list by Big7Media.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">&#91;46&#93;</a></sup> Budapest also ranks as the 3rd best European city in a similar poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Which%3F" title="Which?">Which?</a> Magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">&#91;47&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology_and_pronunciation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology and pronunciation</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_history"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early history</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Contemporary_history_after_Unification"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Contemporary history after Unification</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Topography"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Topography</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Architecture"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Architecture</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Districts"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Districts</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Finance_and_corporate_location"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Finance and corporate location</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Politics_and_government"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Politics and government</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#City_governance"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">City governance</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Main_sights_and_tourism"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Main sights and tourism</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Squares"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Squares</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Parks_and_gardens"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Parks and gardens</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Islands"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Islands</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Spas"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Spas</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Infrastructure_and_transportation"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure and transportation</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Airport"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Airport</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Public_transportation"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Public transportation</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Roads_and_railways"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Roads and railways</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Ports,_shipping_and_others"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Ports, shipping and others</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Culture_and_contemporary_life"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Culture and contemporary life</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Museums_and_galleries"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Museums and galleries</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Libraries"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Libraries</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Opera_and_theatres"><span class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opera and theatres</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Performing_arts_and_festivals"><span class="tocnumber">11.4</span> <span class="toctext">Performing arts and festivals</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Fashion"><span class="tocnumber">11.5</span> <span class="toctext">Fashion</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Media"><span class="tocnumber">11.6</span> <span class="toctext">Media</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Cuisine"><span class="tocnumber">11.7</span> <span class="toctext">Cuisine</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#In_fiction"><span class="tocnumber">11.8</span> <span class="toctext">In fiction</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#International_relations"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">International relations</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Historic_sister_cities"><span class="tocnumber">15.1</span> <span class="toctext">Historic sister cities</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Partnerships_around_the_world"><span class="tocnumber">15.2</span> <span class="toctext">Partnerships around the world</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">18.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology_and_pronunciation">Etymology and pronunciation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and pronunciation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<p>The previously separate towns of Buda, Óbuda, and Pest were in 1873 officially unified<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup> and given the new name <i>Budapest</i>. Before this, the towns together had sometimes been referred to colloquially as "Pest-Buda".<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_2017_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_2017-49">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">&#91;50&#93;</a></sup> <i>Pest</i> has also been sometimes used colloquially as a shortened name for Budapest.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_2017_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_2017-49">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>All varieties of English pronounce the <i>-s-</i> as in the English word <i>pest</i>. The <i>-u</i> in <i>Buda-</i> is pronounced either /u/ like <i>food</i> (as in <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><small><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </small><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;">b</span><span title="/uː/: &#39;oo&#39; in &#39;goose&#39;">uː</span><span title="&#39;d&#39; in &#39;dye&#39;">d</span><span title="/ə/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;">ə</span><span title="&#39;p&#39; in &#39;pie&#39;">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: &#39;e&#39; in &#39;dress&#39;">ɛ</span><span title="&#39;s&#39; in &#39;sigh&#39;">s</span><span title="&#39;t&#39; in &#39;tie&#39;">t</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup>) or /ju/ like <i>cue</i> (as in <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><small><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </small><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;">b</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/j/: &#39;y&#39; in &#39;yes&#39;">j</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/uː/: &#39;oo&#39; in &#39;goose&#39;">uː</span><span title="&#39;d&#39; in &#39;dye&#39;">d</span><span title="/ə/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;p&#39; in &#39;pie&#39;">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: &#39;e&#39; in &#39;dress&#39;">ɛ</span><span title="&#39;s&#39; in &#39;sigh&#39;">s</span><span title="&#39;t&#39; in &#39;tie&#39;">t</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;">b</span><span title="/ʊ/: &#39;u&#39; in &#39;push&#39;">ʊ</span><span title="&#39;d&#39; in &#39;dye&#39;">d</span></span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;">b</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/j/: &#39;y&#39; in &#39;yes&#39;">j</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/uː/: &#39;oo&#39; in &#39;goose&#39;">uː</span><span title="&#39;d&#39; in &#39;dye&#39;">d</span><span title="/ə/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;about&#39;">ə</span><span title="&#39;p&#39; in &#39;pie&#39;">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: &#39;e&#39; in &#39;dress&#39;">ɛ</span><span title="&#39;s&#39; in &#39;sigh&#39;">s</span><span title="&#39;t&#39; in &#39;tie&#39;">t</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;">b</span><span title="/ʊ/: &#39;u&#39; in &#39;push&#39;">ʊ</span><span title="&#39;d&#39; in &#39;dye&#39;">d</span></span>-/</a></span></span>). In Hungarian, the <i>-s-</i> is pronounced /ʃ/ as in <i>wash</i>; in IPA: <small>Hungarian:&#160;</small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈbudɒpɛʃt]</a></span>&#32;<span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hu-Budapest.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Hu-Budapest.ogg" class="internal" title="Hu-Budapest.ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</span>.\n</p><p>The origin of the names "Buda" and "Pest" is obscure. Buda was\n</p>\n<ul><li>probably the name of the first constable of the fortress built on the Castle Hill in the 11th century<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">&#91;52&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li>or a derivative of <i>Bod</i> or <i>Bud</i>, a personal name of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> origin, meaning \'twig\'.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li>or a <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> personal name, <i>Buda</i>, the short form of <i>Budimír</i>, <i>Budivoj</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\n<p>Linguistically, however, a German origin through the Slavic derivative вода (<i>voda</i>, water) is not possible, and there is no certainty that a Turkic word really comes from the word <i>buta</i> ~ <i>buda</i> \'branch, twig\'.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">&#91;55&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>According to a legend recorded in chronicles from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, "Buda" comes from the name of its founder, <a href="/wiki/Bleda" title="Bleda">Bleda</a>, brother of Hunnic ruler <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a>.\n</p><p>There are several theories about Pest. One<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">&#91;56&#93;</a></sup> states that the name derives from <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonia (Roman province)">Roman times</a>, since there was a local fortress (<a href="/wiki/Contra-Aquincum" class="mw-redirect" title="Contra-Aquincum">Contra-Aquincum</a>) called by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaios" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaios">Ptolemaios</a> "Pession" ("Πέσσιον", iii.7.§&#160;2).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">&#91;57&#93;</a></sup> Another has it that Pest originates in the Slavic word for cave, <i>пещера</i>, or <i>peštera</i>. A third cites <i>пещ</i>, or <i>pešt</i>, referencing a cave where fires burned or a limekiln.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Budapest" title="History of Budapest">History of Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Budapest" title="Timeline of Budapest">Timeline of Budapest</a></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_history">Early history</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:452px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png/450px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="207" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png/675px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png/900px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png 2x" data-file-width="2410" data-file-height="1111" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, woodcut from the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a> (1493)</div></div></div>\n<p>The first settlement on the territory of Budapest was built by <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a><sup id="cite_ref-Aqua_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aqua-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> before 1&#160;AD. It was later occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>. The Roman settlement – Aquincum – became the main city of <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonia (Roman province)">Pannonia Inferior</a> in 106&#160;AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Aqua_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aqua-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> At first it was a military settlement, and gradually the city rose around it, making it the focal point of the city\'s commercial life. Today this area corresponds to the Óbuda district within Budapest.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">&#91;59&#93;</a></sup> The Romans constructed roads, <a href="/wiki/Amphitheater" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphitheater">amphitheaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_bathing" title="Public bathing">baths</a> and houses with heated floors in this fortified military camp.<sup id="cite_ref-Frank_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frank-60">&#91;60&#93;</a></sup> The Roman city of Aquincum is the best-conserved of the Roman sites in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>. The archaeological site was turned into a museum with inside and open-air sections.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">&#91;61&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian people">The Magyar</a> tribes led by <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d" title="Árpád">Árpád</a>, forced out of their original homeland north of <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgaria</a> by <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Tsar Simeon</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Southern_Buh" title="Battle of Southern Buh">Battle of Southern Buh</a>, settled in the territory at the end of the 9th century displacing the founding Bulgarian settlers of the towns of Buda and Pest,<sup id="cite_ref-Travel_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Travel-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">&#91;62&#93;</a></sup> and a century later officially founded the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Travel_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Travel-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> Research places the probable residence of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1ds" class="mw-redirect" title="Árpáds">Árpáds</a> as an early place of central power near what became Budapest.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatar</a> invasion in the 13th century quickly proved it is difficult to defend a plain.<sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Travel_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Travel-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV of Hungary</a> therefore ordered the construction of reinforced stone walls around the towns<sup id="cite_ref-Travel_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Travel-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> and set his own royal palace on the top of the protecting hills of Buda. In 1361 it became the capital of Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-Eleventh_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eleventh-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The cultural role of Buda was particularly significant during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Corvinus of Hungary">King Matthias Corvinus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a> had a great influence on the city. His library, the <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Corviniana" title="Bibliotheca Corviniana">Bibliotheca Corviniana</a>, was Europe\'s greatest collection of historical chronicles and philosophic and scientific works in the 15th century, and second in size only to the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> After the foundation of the first Hungarian university in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a> in 1367 (<a href="/wiki/University_of_P%C3%A9cs" title="University of Pécs">University of Pécs</a>), the second one was established in Óbuda in 1395 (<a href="/wiki/University_of_%C3%93buda" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Óbuda">University of Óbuda</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sugar_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugar-64">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup> The first Hungarian book was printed in Buda in 1473.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">&#91;65&#93;</a></sup> Buda had about 5,000 inhabitants around 1500.<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_F._Sugar_page_88_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_F._Sugar_page_88-66">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Buda_1686_Frans_Geffels.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Siege_of_Buda_1686_Frans_Geffels.jpg/220px-Siege_of_Buda_1686_Frans_Geffels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Siege_of_Buda_1686_Frans_Geffels.jpg/330px-Siege_of_Buda_1686_Frans_Geffels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Siege_of_Buda_1686_Frans_Geffels.jpg/440px-Siege_of_Buda_1686_Frans_Geffels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2543" data-file-height="1500" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Buda_1686_Frans_Geffels.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Retaking of Buda from the Ottoman Empire, 1686 (17th-century painting)</div></div></div>\n<p>The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> conquered Buda in 1526, as well in 1529, and finally occupied it in 1541.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">&#91;67&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Hungary" title="Ottoman Hungary">Turkish Rule</a> lasted for more than 150 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> The Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> constructed many prominent bathing facilities within the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Travel_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Travel-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> Some of the baths that the Turks erected during their rule are still in use 500 years later (<a href="/wiki/Rudas_Baths" title="Rudas Baths">Rudas Baths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kir%C3%A1ly_Baths" title="Király Baths">Király Baths</a>). By 1547 the number of Christians was down to about a thousand, and by 1647 it had fallen to only about seventy.<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_F._Sugar_page_88_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_F._Sugar_page_88-66">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup> The unoccupied western part of the country became part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Monarchy" title="Habsburg Monarchy">Habsburg Monarchy</a> as <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Hungary">Royal Hungary</a>.\n</p><p>In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Buda_(1684)" title="Siege of Buda (1684)">siege of Buda</a>, a renewed campaign was started to enter the Hungarian capital. This time, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1684)" title="Holy League (1684)">Holy League</a>\'s army was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croat" class="mw-redirect" title="Croat">Croat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, Hungarian, English, Spanish, <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a>, Italian, French, <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">Swedish</a> soldiers, along with other Europeans as volunteers, <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillerymen</a>, and officers. The Christian forces seized Buda, and in the next few years, all of the former Hungarian lands, except areas near Temesvár (<a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>), were taken from the Turks. In the 1699 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Karlowitz" title="Treaty of Karlowitz">Treaty of Karlowitz</a>, these territorial changes were officially recognized to show the end of the rule of the Turks, and in 1718 the entire <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> was removed from Ottoman rule.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Contemporary_history_after_Unification">Contemporary history after Unification</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Contemporary history after Unification">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hungary_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary during World War II">Hungary during World War II</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Foldalatti_Andrassy.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Foldalatti_Andrassy.png/220px-Foldalatti_Andrassy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Foldalatti_Andrassy.png/330px-Foldalatti_Andrassy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Foldalatti_Andrassy.png/440px-Foldalatti_Andrassy.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="480" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Foldalatti_Andrassy.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Budapest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 1 (Budapest Metro)">Millennium Underground</a> (1894–1896), the second oldest metro in the world (after the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_line" title="Metropolitan line">Metropolitan line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a>)</div></div></div>\n<p>The 19th century was dominated by the Hungarian struggle for independence<sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> and modernisation. The national insurrection against the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a> began in the Hungarian capital <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">in 1848</a> and was defeated one and a half years later, with the help of the Russian Empire. 1867 was the year of <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867" title="Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867">Reconciliation</a> that brought about the birth of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>. This made Budapest the twin capital of a dual monarchy. It was this compromise which opened the second great phase of development in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Budapest" title="History of Budapest">history of Budapest</a>, lasting until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. In 1849 the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge" title="Széchenyi Chain Bridge">Chain Bridge</a> linking Buda with Pest was opened as the first permanent bridge across the Danube<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup> and in 1873 Buda and Pest were officially merged with the third part, Óbuda (Old Buda), thus creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The dynamic Pest grew into the country\'s administrative, political, economic, trade and cultural hub. Ethnic <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a> overtook <a href="/wiki/Danube_Swabians" title="Danube Swabians">Germans</a> in the second half of the 19th century due to mass migration from the overpopulated rural <a href="/wiki/Transdanubia" title="Transdanubia">Transdanubia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Hungarian_Plain" title="Great Hungarian Plain">Great Hungarian Plain</a>. Between 1851 and 1910 the proportion of Hungarians increased from 35.6% to 85.9%, Hungarian became the dominant language, and German was crowded out. The proportion of Jews peaked in 1900 with 23.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">&#91;69&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Budapest_1946_p._12_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budapest_1946_p._12-71">&#91;71&#93;</a></sup> Due to the prosperity and the large Jewish community of the city at the start of the 20th century, Budapest was often called the "Jewish Mecca"<sup id="cite_ref-Eleventh_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eleventh-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> or "Judapest".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">&#91;73&#93;</a></sup>\nIn 1918, Austria-Hungary lost the war and collapsed; Hungary declared itself an independent republic (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Hungary">Republic of Hungary</a>). In 1920 the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> partitioned the country, and as a result, Hungary lost over two-thirds of its territory, and about two-thirds of its inhabitants, including 3.3&#160;million out of 15 million ethnic Hungarians.<sup id="cite_ref-Macartney37_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macartney37-74">&#91;74&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">&#91;75&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%B6rre_The_Budapest_Opera_House_c._1890.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/D%C3%B6rre_The_Budapest_Opera_House_c._1890.jpg/220px-D%C3%B6rre_The_Budapest_Opera_House_c._1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/D%C3%B6rre_The_Budapest_Opera_House_c._1890.jpg/330px-D%C3%B6rre_The_Budapest_Opera_House_c._1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/D%C3%B6rre_The_Budapest_Opera_House_c._1890.jpg/440px-D%C3%B6rre_The_Budapest_Opera_House_c._1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="708" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%B6rre_The_Budapest_Opera_House_c._1890.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Opera_House" title="Hungarian State Opera House">Hungarian State Opera House</a>, built in the time of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ville_de_Budapest_1911.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ville_de_Budapest_1911.jpg/220px-Ville_de_Budapest_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ville_de_Budapest_1911.jpg/330px-Ville_de_Budapest_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ville_de_Budapest_1911.jpg/440px-Ville_de_Budapest_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3042" data-file-height="4572" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ville_de_Budapest_1911.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Bond of the City of Budapest, issued 1. Mai 1911</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Szent_Istv%C3%A1n_k%C3%B6r%C3%BAt_a_Falk_Miksa_(N%C3%A9phadsereg)_utca_fel%C5%91l_a_Honv%C3%A9d_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._A_szovjet_csapatok_ideiglenes_kivonul%C3%A1sa_1956._okt%C3%B3ber_31-%C3%A9n._Fortepan_24787.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Szent_Istv%C3%A1n_k%C3%B6r%C3%BAt_a_Falk_Miksa_%28N%C3%A9phadsereg%29_utca_fel%C5%91l_a_Honv%C3%A9d_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._A_szovjet_csapatok_ideiglenes_kivonul%C3%A1sa_1956._okt%C3%B3ber_31-%C3%A9n._Fortepan_24787.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Szent_Istv%C3%A1n_k%C3%B6r%C3%BAt_a_Falk_Miksa_%28N%C3%A9phadsereg%29_utca_fel%C5%91l_a_Honv%C3%A9d_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._A_szovjet_csapatok_ideiglenes_kivonul%C3%A1sa_1956._okt%C3%B3ber_31-%C3%A9n._Fortepan_24787.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Szent_Istv%C3%A1n_k%C3%B6r%C3%BAt_a_Falk_Miksa_%28N%C3%A9phadsereg%29_utca_fel%C5%91l_a_Honv%C3%A9d_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._A_szovjet_csapatok_ideiglenes_kivonul%C3%A1sa_1956._okt%C3%B3ber_31-%C3%A9n._Fortepan_24787.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4570" data-file-height="3146" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Szent_Istv%C3%A1n_k%C3%B6r%C3%BAt_a_Falk_Miksa_(N%C3%A9phadsereg)_utca_fel%C5%91l_a_Honv%C3%A9d_utca_fel%C3%A9_n%C3%A9zve._A_szovjet_csapatok_ideiglenes_kivonul%C3%A1sa_1956._okt%C3%B3ber_31-%C3%A9n._Fortepan_24787.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Soviet tank in Budapest (1956)</div></div></div>\n<p><span id="Allied_air_strikes"></span>In 1944, a year before the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Budapest was partly destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">American</a> air raids (first attack 4 April 1944<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">&#91;76&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">&#91;78&#93;</a></sup>).\nFrom 24 December 1944 to 13 February 1945, the city was besieged during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Budapest">Battle of Budapest</a>. Budapest suffered major damage caused by the attacking Soviet and Romanian troops and the defending <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German</a> and Hungarian troops. More than 38,000 civilians lost their lives during the conflict. <a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Danube#Hungary" title="List of crossings of the Danube">All bridges</a> were destroyed by the Germans. The stone lions that have decorated the Chain Bridge since 1852 survived the devastation of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-chbridge_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chbridge-79">&#91;79&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Between 20% and 40% of Greater Budapest\'s 250,000 <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> inhabitants died through <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Panzerfaust" title="Operation Panzerfaust">German occupation of Hungary</a>, from 1944 to early 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup> \n</p><p>Swiss diplomat <a href="/wiki/Carl_Lutz" title="Carl Lutz">Carl Lutz</a> rescued tens of thousands of Jews by issuing Swiss protection papers and designating numerous buildings, including the now famous Glass House (Üvegház) at Vadász Street 29, to be Swiss protected territory. About 3,000 Hungarian Jews found refuge at the Glass House and in a neighboring building. Swedish diplomat <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg" title="Raoul Wallenberg">Raoul Wallenberg</a> saved the lives of tens of thousands of Jews in Budapest by giving them Swedish protection papers and taking them under his consular protection.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup> Wallenberg was abducted by the Russians on 17 January 1945 and never regained freedom. <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Perlasca" title="Giorgio Perlasca">Giorgio Perlasca</a>, an Italian citizen, saved thousands of Hungarian Jews posing as a Spanish diplomat.<sup id="cite_ref-timeisrael_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeisrael-82">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ushm_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushm-83">&#91;83&#93;</a></sup> Some other diplomats also abandoned diplomatic protocol and rescued Jews. There are two monuments for Wallenberg, one for Carl Lutz and one for Giorgio Perlasca in Budapest.\n</p><p>Following the liberation of Hungary from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation of Hungary">Soviet military occupation</a> ensued, which ended only in 1991. The Soviets exerted significant influence on Hungarian political affairs. In 1949, Hungary was declared a <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> People\'s Republic (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="People&#39;s Republic of Hungary">People\'s Republic of Hungary</a>). The new Communist government considered the buildings like the <a href="/wiki/Buda_Castle" title="Buda Castle">Buda Castle</a> symbols of the former regime, and during the 1950s the palace was gutted and all the interiors were destroyed (also see <a href="/wiki/Stalin_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin era">Stalin era</a>).\nOn 23 October 1956 citizens held a large peaceful demonstration in Budapest demanding democratic reform. The demonstrators went to the Budapest radio station and demanded to publish their demands. The regime ordered troops to shoot into the crowd. Hungarian soldiers gave rifles to the demonstrators who were now able to capture the building. This initiated the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a>. The demonstrators demanded to appoint <a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Imre Nagy</a> to be <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Prime Minister of Hungary</a>. To their surprise, the central committee of the "<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Working_People%27s_Party" title="Hungarian Working People&#39;s Party">Hungarian Working People\'s Party</a>" did so that same evening. This uprising was an anti-Soviet revolt that lasted from 23 October until 11 November. After Nagy had declared that Hungary was to leave the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> and become neutral, Soviet tanks and troops entered the country to crush the revolt. Fighting continued until mid November, leaving more than 3000 dead. A monument was erected at the fiftieth anniversary of the revolt in 2006, at the edge of the <a href="/wiki/City_Park_(Budapest)" title="City Park (Budapest)">City Park</a>. Its shape is a wedge with a 56 angle degree made in rusted iron that gradually becomes shiny, ending in an intersection to symbolize Hungarian forces that temporarily eradicated the Communist leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>From the 1960s to the late 1980s Hungary was often satirically referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">the happiest barrack</a>" within the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern bloc">Eastern bloc</a>, and much of the wartime damage to the city was finally repaired. Work on <a href="/wiki/Erzs%C3%A9bet_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzsébet Bridge">Erzsébet Bridge</a>, the last to be rebuilt, was finished in 1964. In the early 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Metro" title="Budapest Metro">Budapest Metro</a>\'s East-West <a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Budapest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 2 (Budapest Metro)">M2 line</a> was first opened, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Budapest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 3 (Budapest Metro)">M3 line</a> in 1976. In 1987, Buda Castle and the banks of the Danube were included in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> list of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a>. <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1ssy_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrássy Avenue">Andrássy Avenue</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Underground_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Underground Railway">Millennium Underground Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%91s%C3%B6k_tere" title="Hősök tere">Hősök tere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1rosliget" class="mw-redirect" title="Városliget">Városliget</a>) was added to the UNESCO list in 2002. In the 1980s, the city\'s population reached 2.1&#160;million. In recent times a significant decrease in population occurred mainly due to a massive movement to the neighbouring agglomeration in <a href="/wiki/Pest_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Pest county">Pest county</a>, i.e., suburbanisation.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">&#91;85&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>In the last decades of the 20th century the political changes of 1989–90 (<a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Iron_Curtain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Iron Curtain">Fall of the Iron Curtain</a>) concealed changes in civil society and along the streets of Budapest. The monuments of the dictatorship were removed from public places, into <a href="/wiki/Memento_Park" title="Memento Park">Memento Park</a>. In the first 20 years of the new democracy, the development of the city was managed by its mayor, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Demszky" title="Gábor Demszky">Gábor Demszky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Topography">Topography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_SPOT_1022.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Budapest_SPOT_1022.jpg/220px-Budapest_SPOT_1022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Budapest_SPOT_1022.jpg/330px-Budapest_SPOT_1022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Budapest_SPOT_1022.jpg/440px-Budapest_SPOT_1022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_SPOT_1022.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Satellite_imagery" title="Satellite imagery">Satellite imagery</a> illustrating the core of the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_metropolitan_area" title="Budapest metropolitan area">Budapest metropolitan area</a></div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest, strategically placed at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Basin">Carpathian Basin</a>, lies on an ancient route linking the hills of Transdanubia with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Plain">Great Plain</a>.  By road it is 216 kilometres (134&#160;mi) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, 545 kilometres (339&#160;mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, 1,565 kilometres (972&#160;mi) south-west of Moscow, 1,122 kilometres (697&#160;mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, 788 kilometres (490&#160;mi) north-east of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, and 443 kilometres (275&#160;mi) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The 525 square kilometres (203&#160;sq&#160;mi) area of Budapest lies in <a href="/wiki/Central_Hungary" title="Central Hungary">Central Hungary</a>, surrounded by settlements of the agglomeration in Pest county. The capital extends 25 and 29&#160;km (16 and 18&#160;mi) in the north-south, east-west direction respectively. The Danube enters the city from the north; later it encircles two islands, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93buda_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Óbuda Island">Óbuda Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Island" title="Margaret Island">Margaret Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> The third island <a href="/wiki/Csepel_Island" title="Csepel Island">Csepel Island</a> is the largest of the Budapest Danube islands, however only its northernmost tip is within city limits. The river that separates the two parts of the city is 230&#160;m (755&#160;ft) wide at its narrowest point in Budapest. Pest lies on the flat terrain of the Great Plain while Buda is rather hilly.<sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The wide Danube was always fordable at this point because of a small number of islands in the middle of the river. The city has marked topographical contrasts: Buda is built on the higher river terraces and hills of the western side, while the considerably larger Pest spreads out on a flat and featureless sand plain on the river\'s opposite bank.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup> Pest\'s terrain rises with a slight eastward gradient, so the easternmost parts of the city lie at the same altitude as Buda\'s smallest hills, notably <a href="/wiki/Gell%C3%A9rt_Hill" title="Gellért Hill">Gellért Hill</a> and Castle Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-budapest.com_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budapest.com-89">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The Buda hills consist mainly of limestone and dolomite, the water created <a href="/wiki/Speleothem" title="Speleothem">speleothems</a>, the most famous ones being the Pálvölgyi cave (total length 7,200&#160;m or 23,600&#160;ft) and the Szemlőhegyi cave (total length 2,200&#160;m or 7,200&#160;ft). The hills were formed in the Triassic Period. The highest point of the hills and of Budapest is János hill, at 527 metres (1,729 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>. The lowest point is the line of the Danube which is 96 metres (315 feet) above sea level.  Budapest is also rich in green areas. Of the 525 square kilometres (203 square miles) occupied by the city, 83 square kilometres (32 square miles) is green area, park and forest.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup> The forests of <a href="/wiki/Buda_hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Buda hills">Buda hills</a> are environmentally protected.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">&#91;91&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The city\'s importance in terms of traffic is very central, because many major <a href="/wiki/European_roads" class="mw-redirect" title="European roads">European roads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Europe" title="Rail transport in Europe">European railway</a> lines lead to Budapest.<sup id="cite_ref-budapest.com_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budapest.com-89">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> The Danube was and is still an important water-way and this region in the centre of the Carpathian Basin lies at the cross-roads of <a href="/wiki/Trade_route" title="Trade route">trade routes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-budpocketguide.com_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budpocketguide.com-92">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup>\nBudapest is one of only three capital cities in the world which has <a href="/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">thermal springs</a> (the other being Reykjavík in Iceland and Sofia in Bulgaria). Some 125 springs produce 70&#160;million litres (15,000,000 imperial gallons; 18,000,000 US gallons) of thermal water a day, with temperatures ranging up to 58 Celsius. Some of these waters have medicinal effects due to their medically valuable mineral contents.<sup id="cite_ref-budapest.com_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budapest.com-89">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Budapest" title="Climate of Budapest">Climate of Budapest</a></div>\n<p>Budapest has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid continental">humid continental</a> climate (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> that borders on <i>Cfa</i>-<i>Cfb</i>-<i>Dfa</i>-<i>Dfb</i>), with relatively cold winters and warm summers according to the 1971-2000 climatological norm when the 0°C isotherm is used.<sup id="cite_ref-Peel,_M._C.;_Finlayson,_B._L.;_McMahon,_T._A_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peel,_M._C.;_Finlayson,_B._L.;_McMahon,_T._A-93">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup> Winter (November until early March) can be cold and the city receives little sunshine. Snowfall is fairly frequent in most years, and nighttime temperatures of −10&#160;°C (14&#160;°F) are not uncommon between mid-December and mid-February. The spring months (March and April) see variable conditions, with a rapid increase in the average temperature. The weather in late March and in April is often very agreeable during the day and fresh at night. Budapest\'s long summer – lasting from May until mid-September – is warm or very warm. Sudden heavy showers also occur, particularly in May and June. The autumn in Budapest (mid-September until late October) is characterised by little rain and long sunny days with moderate temperatures. Temperatures often turn abruptly colder in late October or early November.\n</p><p>Mean annual precipitation in Budapest is around 23.5 inches (596.9&#160;mm). On average, there are 84 days with precipitation and 1988 hours of sunshine (of a possible 4383) each year.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup> From March to October, average sunshine totals are roughly equal to those seen in northern Italy (<a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>).\n</p><p>The city lies on the boundary between Zone 6 and Zone 7 in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">&#91;96&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">&#91;97&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div style="clear:both;"></div>\n<div>\n<table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<th colspan="14">Climate data for Budapest, 1971–2010\n</th></tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope="row">Month\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Jan\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Feb\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Mar\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Apr\n</th>\n<th scope="col">May\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Jun\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Jul\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Aug\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Sep\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Oct\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Nov\n</th>\n<th scope="col">Dec\n</th>\n<th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year\n</th></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F)\n</th>\n<td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;">18.1<br />(64.6)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;">19.7<br />(67.5)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;">25.4<br />(77.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;">30.2<br />(86.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;">34.0<br />(93.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;">39.5<br />(103.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;">40.7<br />(105.3)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;">39.4<br />(102.9)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;">35.2<br />(95.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;">30.8<br />(87.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;">22.6<br />(72.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;">19.3<br />(66.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">40.7<br />(105.3)\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °C (°F)\n</th>\n<td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">2.9<br />(37.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;">5.5<br />(41.9)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;">10.6<br />(51.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;">16.4<br />(61.5)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;">21.9<br />(71.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;">24.6<br />(76.3)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;">26.7<br />(80.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;">26.6<br />(79.9)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;">21.6<br />(70.9)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;">15.4<br />(59.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;">7.7<br />(45.9)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;">4.0<br />(39.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">15.3<br />(59.5)\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F)\n</th>\n<td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;">0.4<br />(32.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;">2.3<br />(36.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;">6.1<br />(43.0)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;">12.0<br />(53.6)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;">16.6<br />(61.9)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;">19.7<br />(67.5)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;">22.3<br />(72.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;">21.2<br />(70.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;">16.9<br />(62.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;">11.8<br />(53.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;">5.4<br />(41.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;">1.8<br />(35.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">11.3<br />(52.3)\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °C (°F)\n</th>\n<td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;">−1.6<br />(29.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(32.0)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;">3.5<br />(38.3)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;">7.6<br />(45.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;">12.1<br />(53.8)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;">15.1<br />(59.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;">16.8<br />(62.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;">16.5<br />(61.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;">12.8<br />(55.0)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;">7.9<br />(46.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">2.9<br />(37.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(32.0)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">7.8<br />(46.0)\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F)\n</th>\n<td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−25.6<br />(−14.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #6868FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−23.4<br />(−10.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;">−15.1<br />(4.8)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;">−4.6<br />(23.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;">−1.6<br />(29.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">3.0<br />(37.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;">5.9<br />(42.6)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;">5.0<br />(41.0)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;">−3.1<br />(26.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;">−9.5<br />(14.9)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;">−16.4<br />(2.5)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;">−20.8<br />(−5.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−25.6<br />(−14.1)\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches)\n</th>\n<td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;">37<br />(1.5)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;">29<br />(1.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;">30<br />(1.2)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;">42<br />(1.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;">62<br />(2.4)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;">63<br />(2.5)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;">45<br />(1.8)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;">49<br />(1.9)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;">40<br />(1.6)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;">39<br />(1.5)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;">53<br />(2.1)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;">43<br />(1.7)\n</td>\n<td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">532<br />(20.9)\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days\n</th>\n<td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;">7.3\n</td>\n<td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;">6.1\n</td>\n<td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;">6.4\n</td>\n<td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;">6.6\n</td>\n<td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;">8.6\n</td>\n<td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;">8.7\n</td>\n<td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;">7.2\n</td>\n<td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;">6.9\n</td>\n<td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;">5.9\n</td>\n<td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;">5.3\n</td>\n<td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;">7.8\n</td>\n<td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;">7.2\n</td>\n<td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">84\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%)\n</th>\n<td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;">79\n</td>\n<td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;">74\n</td>\n<td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;">66\n</td>\n<td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">59\n</td>\n<td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;">61\n</td>\n<td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;">61\n</td>\n<td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">59\n</td>\n<td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;">61\n</td>\n<td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;">67\n</td>\n<td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;">72\n</td>\n<td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;">78\n</td>\n<td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;">80\n</td>\n<td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">68.1\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a>\n</th>\n<td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;">62\n</td>\n<td style="background: #AEAE91; color:#000000;">93\n</td>\n<td style="background: #BEBE31; color:#000000;">137\n</td>\n<td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;">177\n</td>\n<td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;">234\n</td>\n<td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;">250\n</td>\n<td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;">271\n</td>\n<td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;">255\n</td>\n<td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;">187\n</td>\n<td style="background: #BFBF26; color:#000000;">141\n</td>\n<td style="background: #828282; color:#FFFFFF;">69\n</td>\n<td style="background: #5F5F5F; color:#FFFFFF;">52\n</td>\n<td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">1,988\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align: center;">\n<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a>\n</th>\n<td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;">1\n</td>\n<td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;">2\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;">3\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;">5\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;">6\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;">7\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;">7\n</td>\n<td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;">6\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;">4\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;">3\n</td>\n<td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;">1\n</td>\n<td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;">1\n</td>\n<td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">4\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Hungarian Meteorological Service<sup id="cite_ref-weather_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather-98">&#91;98&#93;</a></sup> and Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup>\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n</div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Architecture">Architecture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Budapest" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Budapest">Category:Buildings and structures in Budapest</a></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:372px;max-width:372px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_ruins_of_the_civil_town_of_Aquincum_and_the_Museum_in_Budapest.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/The_ruins_of_the_civil_town_of_Aquincum_and_the_Museum_in_Budapest.jpg/180px-The_ruins_of_the_civil_town_of_Aquincum_and_the_Museum_in_Budapest.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/The_ruins_of_the_civil_town_of_Aquincum_and_the_Museum_in_Budapest.jpg/270px-The_ruins_of_the_civil_town_of_Aquincum_and_the_Museum_in_Budapest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/The_ruins_of_the_civil_town_of_Aquincum_and_the_Museum_in_Budapest.jpg/360px-The_ruins_of_the_civil_town_of_Aquincum_and_the_Museum_in_Budapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="822" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gercse_%C5%91sszel.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gercse_%C5%91sszel.jpg/184px-Gercse_%C5%91sszel.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="122" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gercse_%C5%91sszel.jpg/276px-Gercse_%C5%91sszel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gercse_%C5%91sszel.jpg/368px-Gercse_%C5%91sszel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="876" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:180px;max-width:180px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:A_M%C3%A1ria_Magdolna-templom_33.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_M%C3%A1ria_Magdolna-templom_33.JPG/178px-A_M%C3%A1ria_Magdolna-templom_33.JPG" decoding="async" width="178" height="115" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_M%C3%A1ria_Magdolna-templom_33.JPG/267px-A_M%C3%A1ria_Magdolna-templom_33.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_M%C3%A1ria_Magdolna-templom_33.JPG/356px-A_M%C3%A1ria_Magdolna-templom_33.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3450" data-file-height="2233" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Budav%C3%A1ri_Palota,_ABCDEF_%C3%A9p%C3%BClet.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Budav%C3%A1ri_Palota%2C_ABCDEF_%C3%A9p%C3%BClet.jpg/186px-Budav%C3%A1ri_Palota%2C_ABCDEF_%C3%A9p%C3%BClet.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="126" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Budav%C3%A1ri_Palota%2C_ABCDEF_%C3%A9p%C3%BClet.jpg/279px-Budav%C3%A1ri_Palota%2C_ABCDEF_%C3%A9p%C3%BClet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Budav%C3%A1ri_Palota%2C_ABCDEF_%C3%A9p%C3%BClet.jpg/372px-Budav%C3%A1ri_Palota%2C_ABCDEF_%C3%A9p%C3%BClet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3568" data-file-height="2408" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:180px;max-width:180px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCl_Babab_T%C3%BCrbe.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/G%C3%BCl_Babab_T%C3%BCrbe.JPG/178px-G%C3%BCl_Babab_T%C3%BCrbe.JPG" decoding="async" width="178" height="134" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/G%C3%BCl_Babab_T%C3%BCrbe.JPG/267px-G%C3%BCl_Babab_T%C3%BCrbe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/G%C3%BCl_Babab_T%C3%BCrbe.JPG/356px-G%C3%BCl_Babab_T%C3%BCrbe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest,_XIX._K%C3%B3s_K%C3%A1roly_t%C3%A9r,_Wekerletelep.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Budapest%2C_XIX._K%C3%B3s_K%C3%A1roly_t%C3%A9r%2C_Wekerletelep.jpg/186px-Budapest%2C_XIX._K%C3%B3s_K%C3%A1roly_t%C3%A9r%2C_Wekerletelep.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="91" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Budapest%2C_XIX._K%C3%B3s_K%C3%A1roly_t%C3%A9r%2C_Wekerletelep.jpg/279px-Budapest%2C_XIX._K%C3%B3s_K%C3%A1roly_t%C3%A9r%2C_Wekerletelep.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Budapest%2C_XIX._K%C3%B3s_K%C3%A1roly_t%C3%A9r%2C_Wekerletelep.jpg/372px-Budapest%2C_XIX._K%C3%B3s_K%C3%A1roly_t%C3%A9r%2C_Wekerletelep.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="782" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent">Clockwise, from upper left: The ruins of the Celtic and Roman civil town of <a href="/wiki/Aquincum" title="Aquincum">Aquincum</a>; Romanesque 12th century <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gercse_Parish_Church&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gercse Parish Church (page does not exist)">Gercse Parish Church</a>; The <a href="/wiki/Buda_Castle" title="Buda Castle">Buda Castle</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B3s_K%C3%A1roly_Square&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kós Károly Square (page does not exist)">Kós Károly Square</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wekerletelep" title="Wekerletelep">Wekerletelep</a>; Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_G%C3%BCl_Baba" title="Tomb of Gül Baba">Tomb of Gül Baba</a>; Gothic <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Mary_Magdalene,_Budapest" title="Church of Mary Magdalene, Budapest">Mary Magdalene Church</a></div></div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the ancient times as Roman City of Aquincum in Óbuda (District III), which dates to around 89 AD, to the most modern <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Arts_(Budapest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Arts (Budapest)">Palace of Arts</a>, the contemporary arts museum and concert hall.<sup id="cite_ref-Budapest_Architecture_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budapest_Architecture-100">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">&#91;101&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Most buildings in Budapest are relatively low: in the early 2010s there were around 100 buildings higher than 45 metres (148&#160;ft). The number of high-rise buildings is kept low by building legislation, which is aimed at preserving the historic cityscape and to meet the requirements of the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Strong rules apply to the planning, authorisation and construction of high-rise buildings and consequently much of the <a href="/wiki/Inner_city" title="Inner city">inner city</a> does not have any. Some planners would like see an easing of the rules for the construction of skyscrapers, and the possibility of building skyscrapers outside the city\'s historic core has been raised.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">&#91;103&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>In the chronological order of architectural styles Budapest represents on the entire timeline. Start with the Roman City of Aquincum represents the <a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">ancient architecture</a>.\n</p><p>The next determinative style is the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a> in Budapest. The few remaining Gothic buildings can be found in the Castle District. Buildings of note are no. 18, 20 and 22 on Országház Street, which date back to the 14th century and No. 31 Úri Street, which has a Gothic façade that dates back to the 15th century. Another buildings with Gothic remains is the <a href="/wiki/Inner_City_Parish_Church_in_Pest" title="Inner City Parish Church in Pest">Inner City Parish Church</a>, built in the 12th century,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Mary_Magdalene,_Budapest" title="Church of Mary Magdalene, Budapest">Mary Magdalene Church</a>, completed in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">&#91;106&#93;</a></sup> The most characteristic Gothic-style buildings are actually <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Neo-Gothic</a>, like the most well-known Budapest landmarks, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Hungarian Parliament Building</a><sup id="cite_ref-Steves_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steves-107">&#91;107&#93;</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Church" title="Matthias Church">Matthias Church</a>, where much of the original material was used (originally built in <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque style</a> in 1015).<sup id="cite_ref-budapestbylocals.com_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budapestbylocals.com-108">&#91;108&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The next chapter in the history of human architecture is <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance architecture</a>. One of the earliest places to be influenced by the Renaissance style of architecture was Hungary, and Budapest in particular. The style appeared following the marriage of King <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias Corvinus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Naples" title="Beatrice of Naples">Beatrice of Naples</a> in 1476. Many Italian artists, craftsmen and masons came to Buda with the new queen. Today, many of the original renaissance buildings disappeared during the varied history of Buda, but Budapest is still rich in renaissance and neo-renaissance buildings, like the famous <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Opera_House" title="Hungarian State Opera House">Hungarian State Opera House</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Basilica" title="St. Stephen&#39;s Basilica">St. Stephen\'s Basilica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG/350px-SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="198" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG/525px-SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG/700px-SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="906" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>From left: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne_Parish,_Budapest" title="Saint Anne Parish, Budapest">Saint Anne Parish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Church" title="Matthias Church">Matthias Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisherman%27s_Bastion" title="Fisherman&#39;s Bastion">Fisherman\'s Bastion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Stigmatisation_of_Saint_Francis" title="Church of Stigmatisation of Saint Francis">Stigmatisation of Saint Francis Church</a></div></div></div>\n<p>During the Turkish occupation (1541–1686), Islamic culture flourished in Budapest; multiple mosques and baths were built in the city. These were great examples of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman architecture</a>, which was influenced by Muslims from around the world including Turkish, Iranian, Arabian and to a larger extent, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine architecture</a> as well as Islamic traditions. After the Holy League conquered Budapest, they replaced most of the mosques with churches and minarets were turned into bell towers and cathedral spires. At one point the distinct sloping central square in Budapest became a bustling Oriental bazaar, which was filled with "the chatter of camel caravans on their way to Yemen and India".<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup> Budapest is in fact one of the few places in the world with functioning original <a href="/wiki/Turkish_bath" title="Turkish bath">Turkish bathhouses</a> dating back to the 16th century, like Rudas Baths or <a href="/wiki/Kir%C3%A1ly_Baths" title="Király Baths">Király Baths</a>. Budapest is home to the northernmost place where the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_G%C3%BCl_Baba" title="Tomb of Gül Baba">tomb</a> of influential Islamic Turkish Sufi Dervish, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl_Baba" title="Gül Baba">Gül Baba</a> is found. Various cultures converged in Hungary seemed to coalesce well with each other, as if all these different cultures and architecture styles are digested into Hungary\'s own way of cultural blend. A precedent to show the city\'s self-conscious is the top section of the city\'s main square, currently named as <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_square_(P%C3%A9cs)" title="Széchenyi square (Pécs)">Szechenyi</a>. When Turks came to the city, they built mosques here which was aggressively replaced with Gothic church of St. Bertalan. The rationale of reusing the base of the former Islamic building mosque and reconstruction into Gothic Church but Islamic style architecture over it is typically Islamic are still visible. An official term for the rationale is <a href="/wiki/Spolia" title="Spolia">spolia</a>. The mosque was called the djami of Pasha Gazi Kassim, and djami means mosque in Arabic. After Turks and Muslims were expelled and massacred from Budapest, the site was reoccupied by Christians and reformed into a church, the <a href="/wiki/Inner_City_Parish_Church_in_Pest" title="Inner City Parish Church in Pest">Inner City Parish Church (Budapest)</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minaret</a> and Turkish entranceway were removed. The shape of the architecture is its only hint of exotic past—"two surviving prayer niches facing Mecca and an ecumenical symbol atop its cupola: a cross rising above the Turkish crescent moon".\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:234px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Hungary_08.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Budapest_Hungary_08.jpg/232px-Budapest_Hungary_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="143" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Budapest_Hungary_08.jpg/348px-Budapest_Hungary_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Budapest_Hungary_08.jpg/464px-Budapest_Hungary_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1973" data-file-height="1215" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Hungary_08.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The most famous <a href="/wiki/Bridges_of_Budapest" title="Bridges of Budapest">Budapest bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge" title="Széchenyi Chain Bridge">Chain Bridge</a>, the icon of the city\'s 19th century development, built in 1849</div></div></div>\n<p>After 1686, the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque architecture</a> designated the dominant style of art in catholic countries from the 17th century to the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-111">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup> There are many Baroque-style buildings in Budapest and one of the finest examples of preserved Baroque-style architecture is the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne_Parish,_Budapest" title="Saint Anne Parish, Budapest">Church of St. Anna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batthy%C3%A1ny_t%C3%A9r" title="Batthyány tér">Batthyhány square</a>. An interesting part of Budapest is the less touristy Óbuda, the main square of which also has some beautiful preserved historic buildings with Baroque façades. The Castle District is another place to visit where the best-known landmark Buda Royal Palace and many other buildings were built in the Baroque style.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-111">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">Classical architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical architecture</a> are the next in the timeline. Budapest had not one but two architects that were masters of the Classicist style. <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_Pollack" title="Mihály Pollack">Mihály Pollack</a> (1773–1855) and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Hild" title="József Hild">József Hild</a> (1789–1867), built many beautiful Classicist-style buildings in the city. Some of the best examples are the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Museum" title="Hungarian National Museum">Hungarian National Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Budav%C3%A1r" title="Lutheran Church of Budavár">Lutheran Church of Budavár</a> (both designed by Pollack) and the seat of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Hungary" title="List of heads of state of Hungary">Hungarian president</a>, the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Palace,_Budapest" title="Sándor Palace, Budapest">Sándor Palace</a>. The most iconic and widely known Classicist-style attraction in Budapest is the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge" title="Széchenyi Chain Bridge">Széchenyi Chain Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-structurae_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structurae-112">&#91;112&#93;</a></sup> Budapest\'s two most beautiful <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture#Romanticism_and_nationalism" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Romantic architecture</a> buildings are the <a href="/wiki/Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue" title="Dohány Street Synagogue">Great Synagogue</a> in Dohány Street and the <a href="/wiki/Vigad%C3%B3_Concert_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigadó Concert Hall">Vigadó Concert Hall</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Promenade" title="Danube Promenade">Danube Promenade</a>, both designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Frigyes_Feszl" title="Frigyes Feszl">Frigyes Feszl</a> (1821–1884). Another noteworthy structure is the <a href="/wiki/Budapest-Nyugati_Railway_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest-Nyugati Railway Terminal">Budapest Western Railway Station</a>, which was designed by August de Serres and built by the <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(company)" title="Eiffel (company)">Eiffel Company</a> of Paris in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">&#91;113&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_(Budapest)_2015-01_crop.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_%28Budapest%29_2015-01_crop.jpg/280px-HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_%28Budapest%29_2015-01_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="201" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_%28Budapest%29_2015-01_crop.jpg/420px-HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_%28Budapest%29_2015-01_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_%28Budapest%29_2015-01_crop.jpg/560px-HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_%28Budapest%29_2015-01_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6527" data-file-height="4685" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:HUN-2015-Budapest-Hungarian_Parliament_(Budapest)_2015-01_crop.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Hungarian Parliament</a>, completed in 1904</div></div></div>\n<p>Art Nouveau came into fashion in Budapest by the exhibitions which were held in and around 1896 and organised in connection with the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">Millennium</a> celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">&#91;114&#93;</a></sup> Art Nouveau in Hungary (<i>Szecesszió</i> in Hungarian) is a blend of several architectural styles, with a focus on Hungary\'s specialities. One of the leading Art Nouveau architects, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96d%C3%B6n_Lechner" title="Ödön Lechner">Ödön Lechner</a> (1845–1914), was inspired by Indian and Syrian architecture as well as traditional Hungarian decorative designs. One of his most beautiful buildings in Budapest is the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Applied_Arts_(Budapest)" title="Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)">Museum of Applied Arts</a>. Another examples for Art Nouveau in Budapest is the <a href="/wiki/Gresham_Palace" title="Gresham Palace">Gresham Palace</a> in front of the Chain Bridge, the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Gell%C3%A9rt" title="Hotel Gellért">Hotel Gellért</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt_Academy_of_Music" title="Franz Liszt Academy of Music">Franz Liszt Academy of Music</a> or <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Zoo_and_Botanical_Garden" title="Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden">Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Budapest_Architecture_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budapest_Architecture-100">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The second half of the 20th century also saw, under the communist regime, the construction of <a href="/wiki/Blocks_of_flats" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocks of flats">blocks of flats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Panelh%C3%A1z" title="Panelház">panelház</a>), as in other Eastern European countries. In the 21st century, Budapest faces new challenges in its architecture. The pressure towards the high-rise buildings is unequivocal among today\'s world cities, but preserving Budapest\'s unique cityscape and its very diverse architecture, along with green areas, is force Budapest to balance between them. The <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary architecture</a> has wide margin in the city. <a href="/wiki/Public_space" title="Public space">Public spaces</a> attract heavy investment by business and government also, so that the city has gained entirely new (or renovated and redesigned) squares, parks and monuments, for example the city central <a href="/wiki/Kossuth_Lajos_t%C3%A9r,_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="Kossuth Lajos tér, Budapest">Kossuth Lajos square</a>, <a href="/wiki/De%C3%A1k_Ferenc_t%C3%A9r" title="Deák Ferenc tér">Deák Ferenc square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Square (Budapest)">Liberty Square</a>. Budapest\'s current urban landscape is one of the modern and contemporary architecture. Numerous landmarks are created in the last decade in Budapest, like the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Budapest)" title="National Theatre (Budapest)">National Theatre</a>, Palace of Arts, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi_Bridge" title="Rákóczi Bridge">Rákóczi Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megyeri_Bridge" title="Megyeri Bridge">Megyeri Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Ferenc_Liszt_International_Airport#Sky_Court_between_Terminal_2A_and_2B" title="Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport">Budapest Airport Sky Court</a> among others, and millions of square meters of new <a href="/wiki/Office_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Office buildings">office buildings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">apartments</a>. But there are still large opportunities in <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">real estate development</a> in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">&#91;115&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">&#91;117&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Districts">Districts</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Districts">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Budapest" title="List of districts in Budapest">List of districts in Budapest</a></div>\n<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:right; font-size:85%; margin:1em;">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td colspan="5" bgcolor=""><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Budapest\'s twenty-three districts overview</b></div>\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="text-align:center; background:#dedebb;">\n<td colspan="2"><b>Administration</b>\n</td>\n<td><b>Population</b>\n</td>\n<td colspan="2"><b>Area and Density</b>\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="background:#efefcc;">\n<td style="text-align:center;"><i>District</i></td>\n<td style="text-align:center;"><i>Official name</i></td>\n<td style="text-align:center;"><i>Official 2013</i></td>\n<td style="text-align:center;"><i>Km<sup>2</sup></i></td>\n<td style="text-align:center;"><i>People/km<sup>2</sup></i>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>I</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1rker%C3%BClet" title="Várkerület">Várkerület</a></td>\n<td>24.528</td>\n<td>3,41</td>\n<td>7.233\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>II</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/2nd_District_of_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd District of Budapest">Rózsadomb</a></td>\n<td>88.011</td>\n<td>36,34</td>\n<td>2.426\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>III</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93buda-B%C3%A9k%C3%A1smegyer" title="Óbuda-Békásmegyer">Óbuda-Békásmegyer</a></td>\n<td>123.889</td>\n<td>39,69</td>\n<td>3.117\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>IV</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ajpest" title="Újpest">Újpest</a></td>\n<td>99.050</td>\n<td>18,82</td>\n<td>5.227\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>V</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Belv%C3%A1ros-Lip%C3%B3tv%C3%A1ros" title="Belváros-Lipótváros">Belváros-Lipótváros</a></td>\n<td>27.342</td>\n<td>2,59</td>\n<td>10.534\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>VI</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%A9zv%C3%A1ros" title="Terézváros">Terézváros</a></td>\n<td>43.377</td>\n<td>2,38</td>\n<td>18.226\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>VII</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Erzs%C3%A9betv%C3%A1ros" title="Erzsébetváros">Erzsébetváros</a></td>\n<td>64.767</td>\n<td>2,09</td>\n<td><b>30.989</b>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>VIII</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsefv%C3%A1ros" title="Józsefváros">Józsefváros</a></td>\n<td>85.173</td>\n<td>6,85</td>\n<td>11.890\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>IX</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Ferencv%C3%A1ros" title="Ferencváros">Ferencváros</a></td>\n<td>63.697</td>\n<td>12,53</td>\n<td>4.859\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>X</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/K%C5%91b%C3%A1nya" title="Kőbánya">Kőbánya</a></td>\n<td>81.475</td>\n<td>32,5</td>\n<td>2.414\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XI</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ajbuda" title="Újbuda">Újbuda</a></td>\n<td><b>145.510</b></td>\n<td>33,47</td>\n<td>4.313\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XII</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Hegyvid%C3%A9k" title="Hegyvidék">Hegyvidék</a></td>\n<td>55.776</td>\n<td>26,67</td>\n<td>2.109\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XIII</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/13th_District_of_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="13th District of Budapest">Angyalföld</a></td>\n<td>118.320</td>\n<td>13,44</td>\n<td>8.804\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XIV</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Zugl%C3%B3" title="Zugló">Zugló</a></td>\n<td>123.786</td>\n<td>18,15</td>\n<td>6.820\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XV</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/15th_District_of_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="15th District of Budapest">Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota</a></td>\n<td>79.779</td>\n<td>26,95</td>\n<td>2.988\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XVI</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/16th_district_of_Budapest" title="16th district of Budapest">Árpádföld, Cinkota, Mátyásföld,</a>\n<p><a href="/wiki/16th_district_of_Budapest" title="16th district of Budapest">Sashalom, Rákosszentmihály</a>\n</p>\n</td>\n<td>68.235</td>\n<td>33,52</td>\n<td>2.037\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XVII</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1kosmente" title="Rákosmente">Rákosmente</a></td>\n<td>78.537</td>\n<td><b>54.83</b></td>\n<td>1.418\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XVIII</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Pestszentl%C5%91rinc-Pestszentimre" title="Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre">Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre</a></td>\n<td>94.663</td>\n<td>38,61</td>\n<td>2.414\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XIX</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Kispest" title="Kispest">Kispest</a></td>\n<td>62.210</td>\n<td>9,38</td>\n<td>6.551\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XX</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Pesterzs%C3%A9bet" title="Pesterzsébet">Pesterzsébet</a></td>\n<td>63.887</td>\n<td>12,18</td>\n<td>5.198\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XXI</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Csepel" title="Csepel">Csepel</a></td>\n<td>76.976</td>\n<td>25,75</td>\n<td>2.963\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XXII</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Budafok-T%C3%A9t%C3%A9ny" title="Budafok-Tétény">Budafok-Tétény</a></td>\n<td>51.071</td>\n<td>34,25</td>\n<td>1.473\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>XXIII</b></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Soroks%C3%A1r" title="Soroksár">Soroksár</a></td>\n<td>19.982</td>\n<td>40,78</td>\n<td>501\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="background:#ccc;">\n<td colspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg" class="image"><img alt="Coa Hungary Town Budapest big.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg/21px-Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg/32px-Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg/42px-Coa_Hungary_Town_Budapest_big.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="529" /></a> <b>City of Budapest</b></div></td>\n<td><b>1,740,041</b></td>\n<td><b>525.2</b></td>\n<td><b>3.314,9</b>\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="background:#ddd;">\n<td colspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></div></td>\n<td>9.937.628</td>\n<td>93.030</td>\n<td>107,2\n</td></tr>\n<tr style="style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;">\n<td colspan="5"><i>Source: <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">&#91;118&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Central_Statistical_Office" title="Hungarian Central Statistical Office">HSCO</a><sup id="cite_ref-ksh.hu_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksh.hu-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup></i>\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p>Most of today\'s Budapest is the result of a late-nineteenth-century renovation, but the wide <a href="/wiki/Boulevard" title="Boulevard">boulevards</a> laid out then only bordered and bisected much older quarters of activity created by centuries of Budapest\'s city evolution.\nBudapest\'s vast urban area is often described using a set of district names. These are either informal designations, reflect the names of villages that have been absorbed by sprawl, or are superseded administrative units of former boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup>\nSuch names have remained in use through tradition, each referring to a local area with its own distinctive character, but without official boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">&#91;120&#93;</a></sup>\nOriginally Budapest had 10 districts after coming into existence upon the unification of the three cities in 1873. Since 1950, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Budapest" title="Greater Budapest">Greater Budapest</a> has been divided into 22 <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> (and 23 since 1994). At that time there were changes both in the order of districts and in their sizes. The city now consists of 23 districts, 6 in Buda, 16 in Pest and 1 on Csepel Island between them.\nThe city centre itself in a broader sense comprises the District <b>V, VI, VII, VIII, IX</b><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">&#91;121&#93;</a></sup> and <b>XIII</b> on the Pest side, and the <b>I, II, XI</b> and <b>XII</b> on the Buda side of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">&#91;122&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>District I is a small area in central Buda, including the historic Buda Castle. District II is in Buda again, in the northwest, and District III stretches along in the northernmost part of Buda. To reach District IV, one must cross the Danube to find it in Pest (the eastern side), also at north. With District V, another circle begins, it is located in the absolute centre of Pest. Districts VI, VII, VIII and IX are the neighbouring areas to the east, going southwards, one after the other.\nDistrict X is another, more external circle also in Pest, while one must jump to the Buda side again to find Districts XI and XII, going northwards. No more districts remaining in Buda in this circle, we must turn our steps to Pest again to find Districts XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX and XX (mostly external city parts), almost regularly in a semicircle, going southwards again.\nDistrict XXI is the extension of the above route over a branch of the Danube, the northern tip of a <a href="/wiki/Csepel-sziget" class="mw-redirect" title="Csepel-sziget">long island</a> south from Budapest. District XXII is still on the same route in southwest Buda, and finally District XXIII is again in southernmost Pest, irregular only because it was part of District XX until 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">&#91;123&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungary_budapest_districts.svg" class="image"><img alt="Hungary budapest districts.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hungary_budapest_districts.svg/360px-Hungary_budapest_districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="344" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hungary_budapest_districts.svg/540px-Hungary_budapest_districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hungary_budapest_districts.svg/720px-Hungary_budapest_districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="537" /></a></div></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Budapest" title="Demographics of Budapest">Demographics of Budapest</a></div>\n<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:right; font-size:85%;">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td colspan="4" style="background:tan;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Budapest compared to <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and EU</b></div>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td></td>\n<td><b>Budapest</b></td>\n<td><b>Hungary</b></td>\n<td><b>European Union</b>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Total Population</b></td>\n<td>1,763,913</td>\n<td>9,937,628</td>\n<td>507,890,191\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Population change, 2004 to 2014</b></td>\n<td>+2.7%<sup id="cite_ref-HSCO_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCO-124">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup></td>\n<td>−1.6%<sup id="cite_ref-HSCO_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCO-124">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup></td>\n<td>+2.2%<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">&#91;125&#93;</a></sup>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Population density</b></td>\n<td>3,314 /km<sup>2</sup></td>\n<td>107 /km<sup>2</sup></td>\n<td>116 /km<sup>2</sup>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>GDP per capita <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a></b></td>\n<td>52,770 $<sup id="cite_ref-Iz.sk2_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iz.sk2-126">&#91;126&#93;</a></sup></td>\n<td>33,408 $<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">&#91;127&#93;</a></sup></td>\n<td>33,084 $<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">&#91;128&#93;</a></sup>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_Degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor&#39;s Degree">Bachelor\'s Degree</a> or higher</b></td>\n<td>34.1%<sup id="cite_ref-Hungarian_Statistical_Office_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hungarian_Statistical_Office-129">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup></td>\n<td>19.0%<sup id="cite_ref-Hungarian_Statistical_Office_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hungarian_Statistical_Office-129">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup></td>\n<td>27.1%<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">&#91;130&#93;</a></sup>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Foreign born</b></td>\n<td>7.3%<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-131">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup></td>\n<td>1.7%<sup id="cite_ref-Novekszik_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novekszik-132">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup></td>\n<td>6.3%<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">&#91;133&#93;</a></sup>\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<table class="toccolours" style="width:15em;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em">Historical population</th></tr><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1784 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1850 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">206,339</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+261.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1870 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">302,086</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+46.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1880 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">402,706</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1890 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">560,079</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+39.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">861,434</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+53.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,110,453</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,232,026</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,442,869</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,712,791</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1949 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,590,316</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,804,606</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,945,083</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,059,226</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,016,681</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,777,921</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−11.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,729,040</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2019 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,752,286</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:left">1784<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">&#91;134&#93;</a></sup>, Population 2001 to 2019<sup id="cite_ref-HSCO_124-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSCO-124">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup> <br /> Present-territory of Budapest</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p>Budapest is the most <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in Hungary">populous city in Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Largest_cities_of_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits">one of the largest cities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, with a growing number of inhabitants, estimated at 1,763,913 in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">&#91;135&#93;</a></sup> whereby inward migration exceeds outward migration.<sup id="cite_ref-TIME2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIME2-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> These trends are also seen throughout the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_metropolitan_area" title="Budapest metropolitan area">Budapest metropolitan area</a>, which is home to 3.3&#160;million people.<sup id="cite_ref-Budapest_City_Review2_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budapest_City_Review2-136">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup> This amounts to about 34% of Hungary\'s population.\nIn 2014, the city had a population density of 3,314 people per square kilometre (8,580/sq mi), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities in Hungary. The population density of <a href="/wiki/Erzs%C3%A9betv%C3%A1ros" title="Erzsébetváros">Elisabethtown-District VII</a> is 30,989/km² (80,260/sq mi), which is the highest population density figure in Hungary and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_population_density" title="List of cities by population density">one of the highest in the world</a>, for comparison the density in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> is 25,846/km².<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Budapest is the fourth most "dynamically growing city" by <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of Europe">population in Europe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup> and the Euromonitor predicts a population increase of almost 10% between 2005 and 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">&#91;140&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/European_Observation_Network_for_Territorial_Development_and_Cohesion" title="European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion">European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion</a> says Budapest\'s population will increase by 10% to 30% only due to migration by 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup> A constant inflow of migrants in recent years has fuelled population growth in Budapest. Productivity gains and the relatively large economically active share of the population explain why <a href="/wiki/Household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Household income">household incomes</a> have increased in Budapest to a greater extent than in other parts of Hungary. Higher incomes in Budapest are reflected in the lower share of expenditure the city\'s inhabitants allocate to necessity spending such as food and non-alcoholic drinks.<sup id="cite_ref-Budapest_City_Review2_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budapest_City_Review2-136">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>At the 2016 microcensus, there were 1,764,263 people with 907,944 dwellings living in Budapest.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup> Some 1.6&#160;million persons from the metropolitan area may be within Budapest\'s boundaries during work hours, and during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events.<sup id="cite_ref-suburbanisation_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suburbanisation-143">&#91;143&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>By ethnicity there were 1,697,039 (96.2%) <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, 34,909 (2%) <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, 16,592 (0.9%) <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a>, 9,117 (0.5%) <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> and 5,488 (0.3%) <a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">&#91;144&#93;</a></sup> In Hungary people can declare multiple ethnic identities, hence the sum may exceeds 100%.<sup id="cite_ref-micro_2016_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-micro_2016-145">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup> The share of ethnic Hungarians in Budapest (96.2%) is slighly lower than the national average (98.3%) due to the international migration.<sup id="cite_ref-micro_2016_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-micro_2016-145">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup> \n</p><p>According to the 2011 census, 1,712,153 people (99.0%) speak <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, of whom 1,692,815 people (97.9%) speak it as a <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a>, while 19,338 people (1.1%) speak it as a <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second language</a>. Other spoken (foreign) languages were: English (536,855 speakers, 31.0%), German (266,249 speakers, 15.4%), French (56,208 speakers, 3.3%) and Russian (54,613 speakers, 3.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-131">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>According to the same census, 1,600,585 people (92.6%) were born in Hungary, 126,036 people (7.3%) outside Hungary while the birthplace of 2,419 people (0.1%) was unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_131-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-131">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup>\nAlthough only 1.7% of the population of Hungary in 2009 were foreigners, 43% of them lived in Budapest, making them 4.4% of the city\'s population (up from 2% in 2001).<sup id="cite_ref-Novekszik_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novekszik-132">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup> Nearly two-thirds of foreigners living in Hungary were under 40 years old. The primary motivation for this age group living in Hungary was employment.<sup id="cite_ref-Novekszik_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novekszik-132">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Budapest is home to one of the most populous <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian communities</a> in Central Europe, numbering 698,521 people (40.4%) in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_131-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-131">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup> According to the 2011 census, there were 501,117 (29.0%) <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a>, 146,756 (8.5%) <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" title="Calvinism">Calvinists</a>, 30,293 (1.8%) <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a>, 16,192 (0.9%) <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Greek Catholics</a>, 7,925 (0.5%) <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and 3,710 (0.2%) <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> in Budapest. 395,964 people (22.9%) were <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligious</a> while 585,475 people (33.9%) did not declare their religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_131-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-131">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup> The city is also home to one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> communities in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">&#91;146&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_Budapest" title="List of companies based in Budapest">List of companies based in Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary" title="Economy of Hungary">Economy of Hungary</a></div>\n<table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="Ambox current red.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span>  <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2018</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Eco_MOL_(solar_powered)_petrol_station._-_Budapest,_XII._distr._Istenhegyi_St.,_55.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Eco_MOL_%28solar_powered%29_petrol_station._-_Budapest%2C_XII._distr._Istenhegyi_St.%2C_55.JPG/220px-Eco_MOL_%28solar_powered%29_petrol_station._-_Budapest%2C_XII._distr._Istenhegyi_St.%2C_55.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Eco_MOL_%28solar_powered%29_petrol_station._-_Budapest%2C_XII._distr._Istenhegyi_St.%2C_55.JPG/330px-Eco_MOL_%28solar_powered%29_petrol_station._-_Budapest%2C_XII._distr._Istenhegyi_St.%2C_55.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Eco_MOL_%28solar_powered%29_petrol_station._-_Budapest%2C_XII._distr._Istenhegyi_St.%2C_55.JPG/440px-Eco_MOL_%28solar_powered%29_petrol_station._-_Budapest%2C_XII._distr._Istenhegyi_St.%2C_55.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Eco_MOL_(solar_powered)_petrol_station._-_Budapest,_XII._distr._Istenhegyi_St.,_55.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/MOL_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="MOL Group">MOL Group</a> solar powered <a href="/wiki/Filling_station" title="Filling station">filling station</a> in Budapest. It is the second most valuable company in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a></div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg/220px-Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg/330px-Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg/440px-Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="711" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a> centre of <a href="/wiki/Gedeon_Richter_Plc." class="mw-redirect" title="Gedeon Richter Plc.">Richter Gedeon</a> in Budapest</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg/220px-Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg/330px-Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg/440px-Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Stock_Exchange" title="Budapest Stock Exchange">Budapest Stock Exchange</a> at <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Square (Budapest)">Liberty Square</a>, it is the 2nd largest stock exchange in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">CEE</a></div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest is a significant economic hub, classified as an Alpha- world city in the study by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a> and it is the second fastest-developing <a href="/wiki/Urban_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban economy">urban economy</a> in Europe as GDP per capita in the city increased by 2.4 per cent and employment by 4.7 per cent compared to the previous year in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">&#91;147&#93;</a></sup>\nOn national level, Budapest is the <a href="/wiki/Primate_city" title="Primate city">primate city</a> of Hungary regarding business and economy, accounting for 39% of the national income, the city has a <a href="/wiki/Gross_metropolitan_product" title="Gross metropolitan product">gross metropolitan product</a> more than $100&#160;billion in 2015, making it one of the largest regional economy in the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">&#91;148&#93;</a></sup>\nAccording to the <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> GDP per capita in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> is 147% of the EU average in Budapest, which means €37.632 ($42.770) per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-Iz.sk2_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iz.sk2-126">&#91;126&#93;</a></sup>\nBudapest is also among the Top100 GDP performing cities in the world, measured by <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>.\nThe city was named as the 52nd most important business centre in the world in the <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Centres_of_Commerce_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index">Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index</a>, ahead of Beijing, São Paulo or <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> and ranking 3rd (out of 65 cities) on <a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a> <a href="/wiki/Emerging_Markets_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerging Markets Index">Emerging Markets Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MasterCard_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MasterCard-149">&#91;149&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup>\nThe city is 48th on the <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> <i>The most expensive and richest cities in the world</i> list, standing before cities such as Prague, Shanghai, Kuala Lumpur or <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">&#91;151&#93;</a></sup>\nIn a global city competitiveness ranking by <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">EIU</a>, Budapest stands before <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Lisbon, Moscow and <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The city is a major centre for banking and finance, real estate, retailing, trade, transportation, tourism, <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Traditional_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional media">traditional media</a>, advertising, <a href="/wiki/Legal_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal services">legal services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accountancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Accountancy">accountancy</a>, insurance, fashion and the arts in Hungary and regionally. Budapest is home not only to almost all national institutions and government agencies, but also to many domestic and international companies, in 2014 there are 395.804 companies registered in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">&#91;153&#93;</a></sup> Most of these entities are headquartered in the Budapest\'s Central Business District, in the <a href="/wiki/Belv%C3%A1ros-Lip%C3%B3tv%C3%A1ros" title="Belváros-Lipótváros">District V</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ajlip%C3%B3tv%C3%A1ros" title="Újlipótváros">District XIII</a>. The retail market of the city (and the country) is also concentrated in the downtown, among others through the two largest shopping centre in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a>, the 186,000 sqm <a href="/wiki/WestEnd_City_Center" title="WestEnd City Center">WestEnd City Center</a> and the 180,000 sqm <a href="/wiki/Arena_Plaza" title="Arena Plaza">Arena Plaza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">&#91;154&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Budapest has notable innovation capabilities as a technology and start-up hub, many <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">start-ups</a> are headquartered and begin its business in the city, for instance deserve to mention the most well-known <a href="/wiki/Prezi" title="Prezi">Prezi</a>, <a href="/wiki/LogMeIn" title="LogMeIn">LogMeIn</a> or <a href="/wiki/NNG_(company)" title="NNG (company)">NNG</a>. Budapest is the highest ranked <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern European</a> city on Innovation Cities\' Top 100 index.<sup id="cite_ref-Innovation-cities.com_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Innovation-cities.com-156">&#91;156&#93;</a></sup> A good indicator of the city\'s potential for innovation and research also, is that the <a href="/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology" title="European Institute of Innovation and Technology">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a> chose Budapest for its headquarters, along with the UN, which Regional Representation for Central Europe office is in the city, responsible for UN operations in seven countries.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">&#91;157&#93;</a></sup>\nMoreover, the global aspect of the city\'s research activity is shown through the establishment of the European Chinese Research Institute in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158">&#91;158&#93;</a></sup> Other important sectors include also, as <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural science</a> research, information technology and medical research, non-profit institutions, and universities. The leading business schools and universities in Budapest, the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Business_School" title="Budapest Business School">Budapest Business School</a>, the <a href="/wiki/CEU_Business_School" title="CEU Business School">CEU Business School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corvinus_University_of_Budapest" title="Corvinus University of Budapest">Corvinus University of Budapest</a> offers a whole range of courses in economics, finance and management in English, French, German and Hungarian.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">&#91;159&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> is far the lowest in Budapest within Hungary, it was 2.7%, besides the many thousands of employed foreign citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">&#91;160&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Budapest is among the 25 most visited cities in the world, the city welcoming more than 4.4&#160;million international visitors each year,<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">&#91;161&#93;</a></sup> therefore the traditional and the congress tourism industry also deserve a mention, it contributes greatly to the city\'s economy. The capital being home to many <a href="/wiki/Convention_center" title="Convention center">convention centre</a> and thousands of restaurants, bars, coffee houses and party places, besides the full assortment of hotels. In restaurant offerings can be found the highest quality <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michelin_starred_restaurants#By_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Michelin starred restaurants">Michelin-starred</a> restaurants, like Onyx, Costes, Tanti or Borkonyha. The city ranked as the most liveable city in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a> on EIU\'s <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> index in 2010.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Finance_and_corporate_location">Finance and corporate location</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Finance and corporate location">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<p><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Stock_Exchange" title="Budapest Stock Exchange">Budapest Stock Exchange</a>, key institution of the publicly offered securities in Hungary and <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a> is situated in Budapest\'s CBD at <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Square (Budapest)">Liberty Square</a>. BSE also trades other <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">securities</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">government bonds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">derivatives</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Stock_option" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock option">stock options</a>. Large Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a> headquartered in Budapest are listed on BSE, for instance the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> firm <a href="/wiki/MOL_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="MOL Group">MOL Group</a>, the <a href="/wiki/OTP_Bank" title="OTP Bank">OTP Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/FHB_Mortgage_Bank" title="FHB Mortgage Bank">FHB Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gedeon_Richter_Plc." class="mw-redirect" title="Gedeon Richter Plc.">Gedeon Richter Plc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telekom" title="Magyar Telekom">Magyar Telekom</a>, <a href="/wiki/CIG_Pannonia" title="CIG Pannonia">CIG Pannonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zwack_liqueur" class="mw-redirect" title="Zwack liqueur">Zwack Unicum</a> and more.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">&#91;162&#93;</a></sup>\nNowadays nearly all branches of industry can be found in Budapest, there is no particularly special industry in the city\'s economy, but the <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial centre</a> role of the city is strong, nearly 40 major banks are presented in the city,<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">&#91;163&#93;</a></sup> also those like <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea_Development_Bank" title="Korea Development Bank">KDB Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanwha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanwha">Hanwha</a> Bank, which is unique in the region.\n</p><p>Also support the financial industry of Budapest, the firms of international banks and financial service providers, such as <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/GE_Capital" title="GE Capital">GE Capital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sberbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Sberbank">Sberbank</a>, <a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a>, <a href="/wiki/KBC_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="KBC Group">KBC Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a> and <a href="/wiki/MSCI" title="MSCI">MSCI</a> among others. Another particularly strong industry in the capital city is <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical industry</a>, these are also traditionally strong in Budapest, through domestic companies, as Egis, Gedeon Richter, Chinoin and through international biotechnology corporations, like <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceutical_Industries" title="Teva Pharmaceutical Industries">Teva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a>, who are also has <a href="/wiki/R%26D" class="mw-redirect" title="R&amp;D">R&amp;D</a> and production division here. Further high-tech industries, such as <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a>, engineering notable as well, the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Solutions_and_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokia Solutions and Networks">Nokia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericcson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ericcson">Ericcson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> employs thousands of engineers in research and development in the city. <a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a> also highly represented through headquarters of domestic <a href="/wiki/Digital_Reality" title="Digital Reality">Digital Reality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Hole_Entertainment" title="Black Hole Entertainment">Black Hole</a> and studio of <a href="/wiki/Crytek" title="Crytek">Crytek</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gameloft" title="Gameloft">Gameloft</a>. Beyond the above, there are regional headquarters of global firms, such as <a href="/wiki/Alcoa" title="Alcoa">Alcoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/GE" class="mw-redirect" title="GE">GE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Mobil" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon Mobil">Exxon Mobil</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Petroleum_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British Petroleum Company">British Petrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">British Telecom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flextronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Flextronics">Flextronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> Corp, <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knorr-Bremse" title="Knorr-Bremse">Knorr-Bremse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Global" title="Liberty Global">Liberty Global</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services" title="Tata Consultancy Services">Tata Consultancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aegon_N.V." title="Aegon N.V.">Aegon</a>, <a href="/wiki/WizzAir" class="mw-redirect" title="WizzAir">WizzAir</a>, <a href="/wiki/TriGr%C3%A1nit" class="mw-redirect" title="TriGránit">TriGránit</a>, <a href="/wiki/MVM_Group" title="MVM Group">MVM Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphisoft" title="Graphisoft">Graphisoft</a>, there is a base for <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> CEE, <a href="/wiki/Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford">Ford</a>, including but not limited to.\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Politics and government">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Politics of Hungary</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BIMUN_2012_opening_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BIMUN_2012_opening_1.jpg/220px-BIMUN_2012_opening_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BIMUN_2012_opening_1.jpg/330px-BIMUN_2012_opening_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BIMUN_2012_opening_1.jpg/440px-BIMUN_2012_opening_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:BIMUN_2012_opening_1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a> conference in the assembly hall of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building#Features" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">House of Magnates</a></div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Etnographical_museum1.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Budapest_Etnographical_museum1.JPG/220px-Budapest_Etnographical_museum1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Budapest_Etnographical_museum1.JPG/330px-Budapest_Etnographical_museum1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Budapest_Etnographical_museum1.JPG/440px-Budapest_Etnographical_museum1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Etnographical_museum1.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Old building (from 1890) of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Curia_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Royal Curia of the Kingdom of Hungary">Hungarian Royal Curia</a>, that operated as the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">highest court</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> between 1723 and 1949. Now it houses a <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_Museum_(Budapest)" title="Ethnographic Museum (Budapest)">museum</a>.</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BushSolyom2006-02.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BushSolyom2006-02.jpg/220px-BushSolyom2006-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BushSolyom2006-02.jpg/330px-BushSolyom2006-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BushSolyom2006-02.jpg/440px-BushSolyom2006-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="339" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:BushSolyom2006-02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> meets with Hungarian President <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_S%C3%B3lyom" title="László Sólyom">László Sólyom</a> at <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Palace,_Budapest" title="Sándor Palace, Budapest">Sándor Palace</a> in Budapest.</div></div></div>\n<p>As the capital of Hungary, Budapest is the seat of the country\'s <a href="/wiki/Central_government" title="Central government">national government</a>. The President of Hungary resides at the Sándor Palace in the District I (Buda Castle District),<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">&#91;164&#93;</a></sup> while the office of the Hungarian Prime Minister is in the Hungarian Parliament. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">Government ministries</a> are all located in various parts of the city, most of them are in the District V, <a href="/wiki/Inner_City_(Budapest)" title="Inner City (Budapest)">Leopoldtown</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">National Assembly</a> is seated in the Hungarian Parliament, which also located in the District V.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">&#91;165&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary">President of the National Assembly</a>, the third-highest public official in Hungary, is also seated in the largest building in the country, in the Hungarian Parliament.\n</p><p>Hungary\'s highest courts are located in Budapest. The Curia (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">supreme court</a> of Hungary), the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the District V, Leopoldtown. Under the authority of its President it has three departments: criminal, civil and administrative-labour law departments. Each department has various chambers. The Curia guarantees the uniform application of law. The decisions of the Curia on uniform <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> are binding for other courts.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">&#91;166&#93;</a></sup>\nThe second most important judicial authority, the National Judicial Council, is also housed in the District V, with the tasks of controlling the financial management of the judicial administration and the courts and giving an opinion on the practice of the president of the National Office for the Judiciary and the Curia deciding about the applications of judges and court leaders, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">&#91;167&#93;</a></sup>\nThe <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Hungary" title="Constitutional Court of Hungary">Constitutional Court of Hungary</a> is one of the highest level actors independent of the politics in the country. The Constitutional Court serves as the main body for the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hungary" title="Constitution of Hungary">Constitution</a>, its tasks being the review of the constitutionality of statutes. The Constitutional Court performs its tasks independently. With its own budget and its judges being elected by Parliament it does not constitute a part of the ordinary judicial system. The constitutional court passes on the <a href="/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality">constitutionality</a> of laws, and there is no right of appeal on these decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">&#91;168&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Budapest hosts the main and regional headquarters of many international organizations as well, including <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</a>, European Institute of Innovation and Technology, <a href="/wiki/European_Police_College" title="European Police College">European Police Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Democratic_Transition" title="International Centre for Democratic Transition">International Centre for Democratic Transition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_International_Education" title="Institute of International Education">Institute of International Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Red Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regional_Environmental_Center_for_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe">Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danube_Commission_(1948)" title="Danube Commission (1948)">Danube Commission</a> and even others.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">&#91;169&#93;</a></sup> The city is also home to more than 100 <a href="/wiki/Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">embassies</a> and representative bodies as an international political actor.\n</p><p><i>Environmental issues</i> have a high priority among Budapest\'s politics. Institutions such as the Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, located in Budapest, are very important assets.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">&#91;170&#93;</a></sup>\nTo decrease the use of cars and <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> emissions, the city has worked to improve public transportation, and nowadays the city has one of the highest <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit">mass transit</a> usage in Europe. Budapest has one of the best public transport systems in Europe with an efficient network of buses, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleys</a>, trams and <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subway</a>. Budapest has an above-average proportion of people commuting on public transport or walking and cycling for European cities.<sup id="cite_ref-A_good_place_to_live_–_Budapest_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_good_place_to_live_–_Budapest-171">&#91;171&#93;</a></sup>\nRiding on <a href="/wiki/Bike_paths" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike paths">bike paths</a> is one of the best ways to see Budapest – there are currently about 180 kilometres (110 miles) of bicycle paths in the city, fitting into the <a href="/wiki/EuroVelo" title="EuroVelo">EuroVelo</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">&#91;172&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p><i>Crime</i> in Budapest investigated by different bodies. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a> notes in their 2011 Global Study on Homicide that, according to criminal justice sources, the homicide rate in Hungary, calculated based on UN population estimates, was 1.4 in 2009, compared to Canada\'s rate of 1.8 that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">&#91;173&#93;</a></sup>\nThe homicide rate in Budapest is below the EU capital cities\' average according to <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> also.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">&#91;174&#93;</a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Organised_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Organised crime">organised crime</a> is associated with the city, the Institute of Defence in a UN study named Budapest as the "global epicentres" of illegal pornography, money laundering and contraband tobacco, and also the negotiation center for international crime group leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">&#91;175&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="City_governance">City governance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: City governance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Budapest" title="Mayor of Budapest">Mayor of Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Budapest" title="Lord Mayor of Budapest">Lord Mayor of Budapest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Budapest" title="General Assembly of Budapest">General Assembly of Budapest</a></div>\n<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:right; font-size:80%;">\n\n<tbody><tr>\n<td colspan="4" bgcolor=""><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Current composition of the 33 seats in the General Assembly</b></div>\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="background:#f90;">&#160;\n</td>\n<td><b><a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a> – Hungarian Civic Union</b>\n</td>\n<td>13 seats\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="background:#CC0000">&#160;\n</td>\n<td><b><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian Socialist Party">Hungarian Socialist Party</a></b>\n</td>\n<td>7 seats\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="background:#8A2BE2">&#160;\n</td>\n<td><b><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></b>\n</td>\n<td>4 seats\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="background:#0067AA">&#160;\n</td>\n<td><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Coalition_(Hungary)" title="Democratic Coalition (Hungary)">Democratic Coalition</a></b>\n</td>\n<td>4 seats\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="background:#3CB34D">&#160;\n</td>\n<td><b><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_for_Hungary" title="Dialogue for Hungary">Párbeszéd</a></b>\n</td>\n<td>Mayor + 1 seat\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="background:gray;">&#160;\n</td>\n<td><b>Independent</b>\n</td>\n<td>3 seats\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p>Budapest has been a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_municipality" title="Metropolitan municipality">metropolitan municipality</a> with a mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1873, but Budapest also holds a special status as a county-level government, and also special within that, as holds a capital-city territory status.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">&#91;176&#93;</a></sup> In Budapest, the central government is responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statutory_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory planning">statutory planning</a>, public transport, housing, <a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">waste management</a>, municipal taxes, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, among others. The Mayor is responsible for all city services, police and fire protection, enforcement of all city and state laws within the city, and administration of public property and most public agencies. Besides, each of Budapest\' twenty-three districts has its own town hall and a directly elected council and the directly elected mayor of district.<sup id="cite_ref-municipality_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-municipality-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The current Mayor of Budapest is <a href="/wiki/Gergely_Kar%C3%A1csony" title="Gergely Karácsony">Gergely Karácsony</a> who was elected on 13 October 2019. The mayor and members of General Assembly are elected to five-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-municipality_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-municipality-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> \nThe Budapest General Assembly is a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> body consisting of 33 members, which consist of the 23 mayors of the districts, 9 from the electoral lists of political parties, plus Mayor of Budapest (the Mayor is elected directly). Each term for the mayor and assembly members lasts five years.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">&#91;177&#93;</a></sup> Submitting the budget of Budapest is the responsibility of the Mayor and the deputy-mayor in charge of finance. The latest, 2014 budget was approved with 18 supporting votes from ruling Fidesz and 14 votes against by the opposition lawmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Main_sights_and_tourism">Main sights and tourism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Main sights and tourism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sights_and_historic_places_in_Budapest" title="List of sights and historic places in Budapest">List of sights and historic places in Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Budapest" title="List of tourist attractions in Budapest">List of tourist attractions in Budapest</a></div>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"/><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:378px;max-width:378px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:EgyetemiTemplomFotoThalerTamas1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EgyetemiTemplomFotoThalerTamas1.jpg/155px-EgyetemiTemplomFotoThalerTamas1.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="177" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EgyetemiTemplomFotoThalerTamas1.jpg/233px-EgyetemiTemplomFotoThalerTamas1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/EgyetemiTemplomFotoThalerTamas1.jpg/310px-EgyetemiTemplomFotoThalerTamas1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="833" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Well-preserved Baroque <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_the_Virgin,_Budapest" title="Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Budapest">University Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Budape%C5%A1%C5%A5_0209.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Budape%C5%A1%C5%A5_0209.jpg/215px-Budape%C5%A1%C5%A5_0209.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Budape%C5%A1%C5%A5_0209.jpg/323px-Budape%C5%A1%C5%A5_0209.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Budape%C5%A1%C5%A5_0209.jpg/430px-Budape%C5%A1%C5%A5_0209.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Boscolo_Budapest_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Boscolo Budapest Hotel">Boscolo Budapest Hotel</a>, café in the ground floor, a 107-room hotel above</div></div></div></div></div>\n<p>The most well-known sight of the capital is the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Gothic">neo-Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Parliament</a>, the biggest building in Hungary with its 268 metres (879&#160;ft) length, holding (since <a href="/wiki/2001_(year)" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 (year)">2001</a>) also the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary" title="Holy Crown of Hungary">Hungarian Crown Jewels</a>.\n</p><p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Stephen&#39;s Basilica">Saint Stephen\'s Basilica</a> is the most important religious building of the city, where the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Right_Hand&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Right Hand (page does not exist)">Holy Right Hand</a> of Hungary\'s first king, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary" title="Stephen I of Hungary">Saint Stephen</a> is on display as well.\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian cuisine</a> and café culture can be seen and tasted in a lot of places, like <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud" title="Café Gerbeaud">Gerbeaud Café</a>, the <i>Százéves</i>, <i>Biarritz</i>, <i>Fortuna</i>, <i>Alabárdos</i>, <i>Arany Szarvas</i>, <i>Kárpátia</i> and the world-famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1ty%C3%A1s_Pince&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mátyás Pince (page does not exist)">Mátyás Pince</a> restaurans and beer bars.\n</p><p>There are Roman remains at the <a href="/wiki/Aquincum_Museum" title="Aquincum Museum">Aquincum Museum</a>, and historic furniture at the <a href="/wiki/Nagyt%C3%A9t%C3%A9ny_Castle_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagytétény Castle Museum">Nagytétény Castle Museum</a>, just 2 out of 223 museums in Budapest. Another historical museum is the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Terror" title="House of Terror">House of Terror</a>, hosted in the building that was the venue of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi Headquarters">Nazi Headquarters</a>. The Castle Hill, the River Danube embankments and the whole of Andrássy út have been officially recognized as <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>.\n</p><p>Castle Hill and the <a href="/wiki/Castle_District,_Buda" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle District, Buda">Castle District</a>; there are three churches here, six museums, and a host of interesting buildings, streets and squares. The former Royal Palace is one of the symbols of Hungary – and has been the scene of battles and wars ever since the 13th century. Nowadays it houses two impressive museums and the <a href="/wiki/National_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Széchenyi Library">National Széchenyi Library</a>. The nearby Sándor Palace contains the offices and official residence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">President of Hungary</a>. The seven-hundred-year-old Matthias Church is one of the jewels of Budapest, it is in neo-Gothic style, decorated with coloured shingles and elegant pinnacles. Next to it is an equestrian statue of the first king of Hungary, King Saint Stephen, and behind that is the <a href="/wiki/Fisherman%27s_Bastion" title="Fisherman&#39;s Bastion">Fisherman\'s Bastion</a>, built in 1905 by the architect <a href="/wiki/Frigyes_Schulek" title="Frigyes Schulek">Frigyes Schulek</a>, the Fishermen\'s Bastions owes its name to the namesake corporation that during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> was responsible of the defence of this part of ramparts, from where opens out a panoramic view of the whole city. Statues of the <a href="/wiki/Turul" title="Turul">Turul</a>, the mythical guardian bird of Hungary, can be found in both the Castle District and the <a href="/wiki/Hegyvid%C3%A9k" title="Hegyvidék">Twelfth District</a>.\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud_Budapest.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud_Budapest.jpg/220px-Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud_Budapest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud_Budapest.jpg/330px-Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud_Budapest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud_Budapest.jpg/440px-Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud_Budapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud_Budapest.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Interior of <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud" title="Café Gerbeaud">Gerbeaud Café</a></div></div></div>\n<p>In Pest, arguably the most important sight is Andrássy út. This Avenue is an elegant 2.5 kilometres (2 miles) long tree-lined street that covers the distance from Deák Ferenc tér to the Heroes Square. On this Avenue overlook many important sites. It is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. As far as <a href="/wiki/Kod%C3%A1ly_k%C3%B6r%C3%B6nd" title="Kodály körönd">Kodály körönd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oktogon_(intersection)" title="Oktogon (intersection)">Oktogon</a> both sides are lined with large shops and flats built close together. Between there and Heroes\' Square the houses are detached and altogether grander. Under the whole runs continental Europe\'s oldest Underground railway, most of whose stations retain their original appearance. Heroes\' Square is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/H%C5%91s%C3%B6k_tere#Millenary_Monument" title="Hősök tere">Millenary Monument</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a> in front. To the sides are the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Budapest)" title="Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)">Museum of Fine Arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kunsthalle_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunsthalle Budapest">Kunsthalle Budapest</a>, and behind City Park opens out, with <a href="/wiki/Vajdahunyad_Castle" title="Vajdahunyad Castle">Vajdahunyad Castle</a>. One of the jewels of Andrássy út is the Hungarian State Opera House. <a href="/wiki/Statue_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue Park">Statue Park</a>, a theme park with striking statues of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_era" title="Communist era">Communist era</a>, is located just outside the main city and is accessible by public transport.\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_and_Camilla_in_Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Charles_and_Camilla_in_Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue.jpg/220px-Charles_and_Camilla_in_Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Charles_and_Camilla_in_Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue.jpg/330px-Charles_and_Camilla_in_Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Charles_and_Camilla_in_Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue.jpg/440px-Charles_and_Camilla_in_Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_and_Camilla_in_Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Camilla,_Duchess_of_Cornwall" title="Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall">Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Prince Charles</a> and Chief Rabbi <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_Fr%C3%B6lich" title="Róbert Frölich">Róbert Frölich</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Doh%C3%A1ny_Street_Synagogue" title="Dohány Street Synagogue">Dohány Street Synagogue</a>, the largest synagogue in Europe</div></div></div>\n<p>The Dohány Street Synagogue is the largest synagogue in Europe, and the second largest active synagogue in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179">&#91;179&#93;</a></sup> The synagogue is located in the Jewish district taking up several blocks in central Budapest bordered by Király utca, Wesselényi utca, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Boulevard_(Budapest)" title="Grand Boulevard (Budapest)">Grand Boulevard</a> and Bajcsy Zsilinszky road. It was built in moorish revival style in 1859 and has a <a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> of 3,000. Adjacent to it is a sculpture reproducing a weeping willow tree in steel to commemorate the Hungarian victims of the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Hungary" title="The Holocaust in Hungary">Holocaust</a>.\n</p><p>The city is also home to the largest medicinal <a href="/wiki/Roman_baths" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman baths">bath</a> in Europe (<a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Medicinal_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Széchenyi Medicinal Bath">Széchenyi Medicinal Bath</a>) and the third largest Parliament building in the world, once the largest in the world. Other attractions are the <a href="/wiki/Bridges_of_Budapest" title="Bridges of Budapest">bridges of the capital</a>. Seven bridges provide crossings over the Danube, and from north to south are: the <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Bridge" title="Árpád Bridge">Árpád Bridge</a> (built in 1950 at the north of Margaret Island); the <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bridge" title="Margaret Bridge">Margaret Bridge</a> (built in 1901, destroyed during the war by an explosion and then rebuilt in 1948); the Chain Bridge (built in 1849, destroyed during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the rebuilt in 1949); the <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Bridge">Elisabeth Bridge</a> (completed in 1903 and dedicated to the murdered <a href="/wiki/Empress_Elisabeth_of_Austria" title="Empress Elisabeth of Austria">Queen Elisabeth</a>, it was destroyed by the Germans during the war and replaced with a new bridge in 1964); the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bridge_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Bridge (Budapest)">Liberty Bridge</a> (opened in 1896 and rebuilt in 1989 in Art Nouveau style); the <a href="/wiki/Pet%C5%91fi_Bridge" title="Petőfi Bridge">Petőfi Bridge</a> (completed in 1937, destroyed during the war and rebuilt in 1952); the Rákóczi Bridge (completed in 1995). Most remarkable for their beauty are the Margaret Bridge, the Chain Bridge and the Liberty Bridge.\nThe world\'s largest panorama photograph was created in (and of) Budapest in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">&#91;180&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Tourists visiting Budapest can receive free maps and information from the nonprofit Budapest Festival and Tourism Center at its info-points.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">&#91;181&#93;</a></sup> The info centers also offer the Budapest Card which allows free public transit and discounts for several museums, restaurants and other places of interest.  Cards are available for 24-, 48- or 72-hour durations.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182">&#91;182&#93;</a></sup> The city is also well known for its ruin bars both day and night.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">&#91;183&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Squares">Squares</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Squares">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Mary_and_Trinity_group,_Holy_Trinity_column,_2016_Budapest.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Virgin_Mary_and_Trinity_group%2C_Holy_Trinity_column%2C_2016_Budapest.jpg/220px-Virgin_Mary_and_Trinity_group%2C_Holy_Trinity_column%2C_2016_Budapest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Virgin_Mary_and_Trinity_group%2C_Holy_Trinity_column%2C_2016_Budapest.jpg/330px-Virgin_Mary_and_Trinity_group%2C_Holy_Trinity_column%2C_2016_Budapest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Virgin_Mary_and_Trinity_group%2C_Holy_Trinity_column%2C_2016_Budapest.jpg/440px-Virgin_Mary_and_Trinity_group%2C_Holy_Trinity_column%2C_2016_Budapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Mary_and_Trinity_group,_Holy_Trinity_column,_2016_Budapest.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Holy Trinity column in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Trinity_Square,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Trinity Square, Budapest (page does not exist)">Holy Trinity Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1rhegy" title="Várhegy">Buda Castle Hill</a></div></div></div>\n<p>In Budapest there are many smaller and larger <a href="/wiki/Public_space" title="Public space">squares</a>, the most significant of which are <a href="/wiki/H%C5%91s%C3%B6k_tere" title="Hősök tere">Heroes\' Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kossuth_Square" title="Kossuth Square">Kossuth Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Square (Budapest)">Liberty Square</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Stephen%27s_Square,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Stephen&#39;s Square, Budapest (page does not exist)">St. Stephen\'s Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/De%C3%A1k_Ferenc_t%C3%A9r" title="Deák Ferenc tér">Ferenc Deák Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty_t%C3%A9r" title="Vörösmarty tér">Vörösmarty Square</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erzs%C3%A9bet_Square&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erzsébet Square (page does not exist)">Erzsébet Square</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George%27s_Square,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George&#39;s Square, Budapest (page does not exist)">St. George\'s Square</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Istv%C3%A1n_Square,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Széchenyi István Square, Budapest (page does not exist)">Széchenyi István Square</a>. The Heroes\' Square at the end of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1ssy_%C3%BAt" title="Andrássy út">Andrássy Avenue</a> is the largest and most influential square in the capital, with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millennium_Monument,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Millennium Monument, Budapest (page does not exist)">Millennium Monument</a> in the center, and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Budapest)" title="Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)">Museum of Fine Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Art,_Budapest" title="Hall of Art, Budapest">The Hall of Art</a>. Kossuth Square is a symbolic place of the Hungarian statehood, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Hungarian Parliament Building</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palace_of_Justice,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palace of Justice, Budapest (page does not exist)">Palace of Justice</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Budapest (page does not exist)">Ministry of Agriculture</a>. The Liberty Square is located in the <a href="/wiki/Belv%C3%A1ros-Lip%C3%B3tv%C3%A1ros" title="Belváros-Lipótváros">Belváros-Lipótváros</a> District (Inner City District), as one of Budapest\'s most beautiful squares. There are buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Bank" title="Hungarian National Bank">Hungarian National Bank</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Embassy_of_the_United_States_in_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Embassy of the United States in Budapest (page does not exist)">embassy of the United States</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stock_Exchange_Palace,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stock Exchange Palace, Budapest (page does not exist)">Stock Exchange Palace</a>, as well as numerous statues and monuments such as the Soviet War Memorial, the Statue of <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> or the controversial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monument_to_the_victims_of_the_German_occupation,_Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Monument to the victims of the German occupation, Budapest (page does not exist)">Monument to the victims of the German occupation</a>. In the St. Stephen\'s Square is the <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Basilica" title="St. Stephen&#39;s Basilica">St. Stephen\'s Basilica</a>, the square is connected by a walking street, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zr%C3%ADnyi_Street&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zrínyi Street (page does not exist)">Zrínyi Street</a>, to the Széchenyi István Square at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge" title="Széchenyi Chain Bridge">The Chain Bridge</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gresham_Palace" title="Gresham Palace">Gresham Palace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Hungary)">Ministry of Interior</a> are also located here. Deák Ferenc Square is a central square of the capital, a major transport hub, where three <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Metro" title="Budapest Metro">Budapest subways</a> meet. Here is the oldest and best known Evangelical Church of Budapest, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=De%C3%A1k_Ferenc_Square_Luteran_Church&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deák Ferenc Square Luteran Church (page does not exist)">Deák Ferenc Square Luteran Church</a>. Vörösmarty Square is located in Belváros-Lipótváros District (Inner City District) behind the <a href="/wiki/Vigad%C3%B3_of_Pest" title="Vigadó of Pest">Vigadó of Pest</a> as one of the endpoints of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1ci_Street" title="Váci Street">Váci Street</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Gerbeaud" title="Café Gerbeaud">Confectionery Gerbeaud</a> is here, and the annual Christmas Fair is held in the Square, as well as is the centre of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiday_Book_Week&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holiday Book Week (page does not exist)">Holiday Book Week</a>.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Budapest" title="Category:Parks in Budapest">Category:Parks in Budapest</a>.</div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_t%C3%A9len_a_j%C3%A9gp%C3%A1ly%C3%A1val.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_t%C3%A9len_a_j%C3%A9gp%C3%A1ly%C3%A1val.jpg/250px-Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_t%C3%A9len_a_j%C3%A9gp%C3%A1ly%C3%A1val.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_t%C3%A9len_a_j%C3%A9gp%C3%A1ly%C3%A1val.jpg/375px-Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_t%C3%A9len_a_j%C3%A9gp%C3%A1ly%C3%A1val.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_t%C3%A9len_a_j%C3%A9gp%C3%A1ly%C3%A1val.jpg/500px-Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_t%C3%A9len_a_j%C3%A9gp%C3%A1ly%C3%A1val.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vajdahunyad_v%C3%A1ra_t%C3%A9len_a_j%C3%A9gp%C3%A1ly%C3%A1val.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/City_Park_Ice_Rink" title="City Park Ice Rink">City Park Ice Rink</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/City_Park_(Budapest)" title="City Park (Budapest)">City Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vajdahunyad_Castle" title="Vajdahunyad Castle">Vajdahunyad Castle</a> is in the background</div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest has many <a href="/wiki/Municipal_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal parks">municipal parks</a> and most have playgrounds for children and seasonal activities like skating in the winter and boating in the summer. Access from the city center is quick and easy with the <a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Budapest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 1 (Budapest Metro)">Millennium Underground</a>. Budapest has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the Budapest City Gardening Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-parks_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parks-184">&#91;184&#93;</a></sup>\nThe wealth of greenspace afforded by Budapest\'s parks is further augmented by a network of open spaces containing forest, streams, and lakes that are set aside as natural areas which lie not far from the inner city, including the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden (established in 1866) in the City Park.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">&#91;185&#93;</a></sup>\nThe most notable and popular parks in Budapest are the <a href="/wiki/City_Park_(Budapest)" title="City Park (Budapest)">City Park</a> which was established in 1751 (302 acres) along with <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1ssy_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrássy Avenue">Andrássy Avenue</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">&#91;186&#93;</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Island" title="Margaret Island">Margaret Island</a> in the Danube (238 acres or 96 hectares),<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">&#91;187&#93;</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Budapest)" title="People&#39;s Park (Budapest)">People\'s Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mai_Part_(Roman_Beach)" title="Római Part (Roman Beach)">Római Part</a>, and the Kopaszi Dam.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">&#91;188&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Buda_Hills" title="Buda Hills">Buda Hills</a> also offer a variety of outdoor activities and views. A place frequented by locals is <a href="/wiki/Normafa" title="Normafa">Normafa</a>, offering activities for all seasons. With a modest ski run, it is also used by skiers and snow boarders – if there is enough snowfall in winter.\n</p>\n<div style="clear:left;"></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Islands">Islands</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Islands">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Girl_in_the_Margit-sziget_Garden_(5978988972).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Girl_in_the_Margit-sziget_Garden_%285978988972%29.jpg/220px-Girl_in_the_Margit-sziget_Garden_%285978988972%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Girl_in_the_Margit-sziget_Garden_%285978988972%29.jpg/330px-Girl_in_the_Margit-sziget_Garden_%285978988972%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Girl_in_the_Margit-sziget_Garden_%285978988972%29.jpg/440px-Girl_in_the_Margit-sziget_Garden_%285978988972%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Girl_in_the_Margit-sziget_Garden_(5978988972).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Park on <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Island" title="Margaret Island">Margaret Island</a></div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunapartlatkep4.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dunapartlatkep4.jpg/220px-Dunapartlatkep4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dunapartlatkep4.jpg/330px-Dunapartlatkep4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dunapartlatkep4.jpg/440px-Dunapartlatkep4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="402" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunapartlatkep4.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Aerial panorama with <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Island" title="Margaret Island">Margaret Island</a></div></div></div>\n<p>A number of islands can be found on the Danube in Budapest:\n</p>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Island" title="Margaret Island">Margaret Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Margit-sziget</i> <small></small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈmɒrɡit.siɡɛt]</a></span>) is a 2.5&#160;km (1.6&#160;mi) long island and 0.965 square kilometres (238 acres) in area. The island mostly consists of a park and is a popular recreational area for tourists and locals alike. The island lies between bridges Margaret Bridge (south) and Árpád Bridge (north). Dance clubs, swimming pools, an <a href="/wiki/Aqua_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua park">aqua park</a>, athletic and fitness centres, bicycle and running tracks can be found around the Island. During the day the island is occupied by people doing sports, or just resting. In the summer (generally on the weekends) mostly young people go to the island at night to party on its terraces, or to recreate with a bottle of alcohol on a bench or on the grass (this form of entertainment is sometimes referred to as bench-partying).</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Csepel_Island" title="Csepel Island">Csepel Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Csepel-sziget</i> <small></small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈt͡ʃɛpɛlsiɡɛt]</a></span>) is the largest island of the River Danube in Hungary. It is 48&#160;km (30&#160;mi) long; its width is 6 to 8&#160;km (4 to 5&#160;mi) and its area comprises 257&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (99&#160;sq&#160;mi). However, only the northern tip of the island is inside the city limits.</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Haj%C3%B3gy%C3%A1ri_Island" title="Hajógyári Island">Hajógyári Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Hajógyári-sziget</i> <small></small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈhɒjoːɟaːrisiɡɛt]</a></span>), also known as Óbuda Island (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Óbudai-sziget</i>), is a man-made island located in the third district. This island hosts many activities such as: wake-boarding, jet-skiing during the day, and <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">dance clubs</a> during the night. This is the island where the famous <a href="/wiki/Sziget_Festival" title="Sziget Festival">Sziget Festival</a> takes place, hosting hundreds of performances per year and now around 400,000 visitors in its last edition. Many building projects are taking place to make this island into one of the biggest entertainment centres of Europe. The plan is to build <a href="/wiki/Apartment_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment building">apartment buildings</a>, hotels, casinos and a marina.</li>\n<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moln%C3%A1r_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molnár Island (page does not exist)">Molnár Island</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moln%C3%A1r-sziget" class="extiw" title="hu:Molnár-sziget">hu</a>&#93;</span> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Molnár-sziget</i>) is an island in the channel of the Danube that separates Csepel Island from the east bank of the river.</li></ul>\n<p>The islands of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palotai_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palotai Island (page does not exist)">Palotai Island</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palotai-sziget" class="extiw" title="hu:Palotai-sziget">hu</a>&#93;</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9p_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nép Island (page does not exist)">Nép Island</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9psziget" class="extiw" title="hu:Népsziget">hu</a>&#93;</span>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1ros_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Háros Island (page does not exist)">Háros Island</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ros-sziget" class="extiw" title="hu:Háros-sziget">hu</a>&#93;</span> also formerly existed within the city, but have been joined to the mainland.\n</p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dns%C3%A9g_Rock&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ínség Rock (page does not exist)">Ínség Rock</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dns%C3%A9g-szikla" class="extiw" title="hu:Ínség-szikla">hu</a>&#93;</span> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Ínség-szikla</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reef</a> in the Danube close to the shore under the <a href="/wiki/Gell%C3%A9rt_Hill" title="Gellért Hill">Gellért Hill</a>. It is only exposed during drought periods when the river level is very low.\n</p><p>Just outside the city boundary to the north lies the large <a href="/wiki/Szentendre_Island" title="Szentendre Island">Szentendre Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Szentendrei-sziget</i>) and the much smaller <a href="/wiki/Lupa_Island_(Hungary)" title="Lupa Island (Hungary)">Lupa Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Lupa-sziget</i>).\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Spas">Spas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Spas">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths_R01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Budapest_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths_R01.jpg/250px-Budapest_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Budapest_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths_R01.jpg/375px-Budapest_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Budapest_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths_R01.jpg/500px-Budapest_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths_R01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Medicinal_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Széchenyi Medicinal Bath">Széchenyi Thermal Bath</a> in the <a href="/wiki/City_Park_(Budapest)" title="City Park (Budapest)">City Park</a></div></div></div>\n<p>One of the reasons the Romans first colonised the area immediately to the west of the River Danube and established their regional capital at Aquincum (now part of Óbuda, in northern Budapest) is so that they could use and enjoy the thermal springs. There are still ruins visible today of the enormous baths that were built during that period. The new baths that were constructed during the Turkish period (1541–1686) served both bathing and medicinal purposes, and some of these are still in use to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">&#91;189&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">&#91;190&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Budapest gained its reputation as a city of <a href="/wiki/Spas_in_Budapest" title="Spas in Budapest">spas</a> in the 1920s, following the first realisation of the economic potential of the thermal waters in drawing in visitors. Indeed, in 1934 Budapest was officially ranked as a "City of Spas". Today, the baths are mostly frequented by the older generation, as, with the exception of the "Magic Bath" and "Cinetrip" water discos, young people tend to prefer the lidos which are open in the summer.\n</p><p>Construction of the Király Baths started in 1565, and most of the present-day building dates from the Turkish period, including most notably the fine cupola-topped pool.\n</p><p>The Rudas Baths are centrally placed – in the narrow strip of land between Gellért Hill and the River Danube – and also an outstanding example of architecture dating from the Turkish period. The central feature is an octagonal pool over which light shines from a 10 metres (33&#160;ft) diameter cupola, supported by eight pillars.\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gell%C3%A9rt_Baths" title="Gellért Baths">Gellért Baths</a> and Hotel were built in 1918, although there had once been Turkish baths on the site, and in the Middle Ages a hospital. In 1927, the Baths were extended to include the wave pool, and the effervescent bath was added in 1934. The well-preserved Art Nouveau interior includes colourful mosaics, marble columns, stained glass windows and statues.\n</p><p>The Lukács Baths are also in Buda and are also Turkish in origin, although they were only revived at the end of the 19th century. This was also when the spa and treatment centre were founded. There is still something of an atmosphere of fin-de-siècle about the place, and all around the inner courtyard there are marble tablets recalling the thanks of patrons who were cured there. Since the 1950s it has been regarded as a centre for intellectuals and artists.\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Baths" class="mw-redirect" title="Széchenyi Baths">Széchenyi Baths</a> are one of the largest bathing complexes in all Europe, and the only "old" medicinal baths to be found in the Pest side of the city. The indoor medicinal baths date from 1913 and the outdoor pools from 1927. There is an atmosphere of grandeur about the whole place with the bright, largest pools resembling aspects associated with Roman baths, the smaller bath tubs reminding one of the bathing culture of the Greeks, and the saunas and diving pools borrowed from traditions emanating in northern Europe. The three outdoor pools (one of which is a fun pool) are open all year, including winter. Indoors there are over ten separate pools, and a whole host of medical treatments is also available. The Szécheny Baths are built in modern Renaissance style.\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tnone" style="margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic_view_of_Budapest_2014.jpg" class="image" title="Night panorama of the Gellért Hill with the illuminated Buda Castle, Matthias Church, Danube Chain Bridge, Parlament, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, St. Stephen&#39;s Basilica, Budapest Eye and Vigadó Concert Hall"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Panoramic_view_of_Budapest_2014.jpg/1300px-Panoramic_view_of_Budapest_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="1300" height="286" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Panoramic_view_of_Budapest_2014.jpg/1950px-Panoramic_view_of_Budapest_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Panoramic_view_of_Budapest_2014.jpg/2600px-Panoramic_view_of_Budapest_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13928" data-file-height="3063" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic_view_of_Budapest_2014.jpg" title="File:Panoramic view of Budapest 2014.jpg"> </a></div><center>Night panorama of the <a href="/wiki/Gell%C3%A9rt_Hill" title="Gellért Hill">Gellért Hill</a> with the illuminated <a href="/wiki/Buda_Castle" title="Buda Castle">Buda Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Church" title="Matthias Church">Matthias Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge" title="Széchenyi Chain Bridge">Chain Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building" title="Hungarian Parliament Building">Parlament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Basilica" title="St. Stephen&#39;s Basilica">St. Stephen\'s Basilica</a>, Budapest Eye and <a href="/wiki/Vigad%C3%B3_Concert_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigadó Concert Hall">Vigadó Concert Hall</a></center></div></div></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure_and_transportation">Infrastructure and transportation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Infrastructure and transportation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Airport">Airport</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Airport">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Ferenc_Liszt_International_Airport" title="Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport">Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Liszt_Ferenc_Repuloter_2-es_terminal_varocsarnok_06.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Liszt_Ferenc_Repuloter_2-es_terminal_varocsarnok_06.JPG/220px-Liszt_Ferenc_Repuloter_2-es_terminal_varocsarnok_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Liszt_Ferenc_Repuloter_2-es_terminal_varocsarnok_06.JPG/330px-Liszt_Ferenc_Repuloter_2-es_terminal_varocsarnok_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Liszt_Ferenc_Repuloter_2-es_terminal_varocsarnok_06.JPG/440px-Liszt_Ferenc_Repuloter_2-es_terminal_varocsarnok_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1944" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Liszt_Ferenc_Repuloter_2-es_terminal_varocsarnok_06.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Ferenc_Liszt_International_Airport" title="Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport">Budapest International Airport</a> arrivals and departures lounge between <a href="/wiki/Airport_terminal" title="Airport terminal">terminal</a> 2A and 2B, named SkyCourt</div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest is served by <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Ferenc_Liszt_International_Airport" title="Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport">Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport</a> (BUD) (named after <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>, the notable Hungarian composer), one of the busiest airports in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a>, located 16 kilometres (9.9&#160;mi) east-southeast of the centre of Budapest, in the <a href="/wiki/Pestszentl%C5%91rinc-Pestszentimre" title="Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre">District XVIII</a>. The airport offers international connections among all major European cities, and also to North America, Africa, Asia and the Middle East.\nAs Hungary\'s busiest airport, it handles nearly all of the country\'s air passenger traffic. Budapest Liszt Ferenc handled around 250 <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">scheduled flights</a> daily in 2013, and an ever-rising number of <a href="/wiki/Air_charter" title="Air charter">charters</a>. London, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Frankfurt, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Paris, and <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> are the busiest international connections respectively, while <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Montreal, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a> are the most unusual in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191">&#91;191&#93;</a></sup>\nToday the airport serves as a base for <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wizz_Air" title="Wizz Air">Wizz Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Aircraft_Service" title="Budapest Aircraft Service">Budapest Aircraft Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/CityLine_Hungary" title="CityLine Hungary">CityLine Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farnair_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnair Hungary">Farnair Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travel_Service_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel Service Hungary">Travel Service Hungary</a> among others. The airport is accessible via public transportation from the city centre by the Metro line 3 and then the airport bus No. 200E.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">&#91;192&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>As part of a strategic development plan, €561&#160;million have been spent on expanding and modernising the <a href="/wiki/Airport_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport infrastructure">airport infrastructure</a> until December 2012. Most of these improvements are already completed,<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193">&#91;193&#93;</a></sup> the postponed ones are the new cargo area and new piers for terminal 2A and 2B, but these development are on standby also, and will start immediately, when the airport traffic will reach the appropriate level.\nSkyCourt, the newest, state-of-the-art building between the 2A and 2B terminals with 5 levels. Passenger safety checks were moved here along with new baggage classifiers and the new Malév and SkyTeam <a href="/wiki/Airport_lounge" title="Airport lounge">business lounges</a>, as well as the first MasterCard lounge in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">&#91;194&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Public transportation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest-metro.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Budapest-metro.png/220px-Budapest-metro.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Budapest-metro.png/330px-Budapest-metro.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Budapest-metro.png/440px-Budapest-metro.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="930" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest-metro.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Budapest <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">metro and rapid transit</a> network within the city and to suburbs</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_4,_M4,_Line_4_(Budapest_Metro),_K%C3%A1lvin_t%C3%A9r.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Metro_4%2C_M4%2C_Line_4_%28Budapest_Metro%29%2C_K%C3%A1lvin_t%C3%A9r.jpg/220px-Metro_4%2C_M4%2C_Line_4_%28Budapest_Metro%29%2C_K%C3%A1lvin_t%C3%A9r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Metro_4%2C_M4%2C_Line_4_%28Budapest_Metro%29%2C_K%C3%A1lvin_t%C3%A9r.jpg/330px-Metro_4%2C_M4%2C_Line_4_%28Budapest_Metro%29%2C_K%C3%A1lvin_t%C3%A9r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Metro_4%2C_M4%2C_Line_4_%28Budapest_Metro%29%2C_K%C3%A1lvin_t%C3%A9r.jpg/440px-Metro_4%2C_M4%2C_Line_4_%28Budapest_Metro%29%2C_K%C3%A1lvin_t%C3%A9r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4848" data-file-height="3165" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_4,_M4,_Line_4_(Budapest_Metro),_K%C3%A1lvin_t%C3%A9r.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Line_4_(Budapest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 4 (Budapest Metro)">Green Line 4</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Automatic_train_operation" title="Automatic train operation">driverless metro</a> line with real-time <a href="/wiki/PIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="PIDS">PIDS</a> system at Kálvin square, a transfer station to <a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Budapest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 3 (Budapest Metro)">Blue Line 3</a></div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:17-es_villamos_(2211).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/17-es_villamos_%282211%29.jpg/220px-17-es_villamos_%282211%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/17-es_villamos_%282211%29.jpg/330px-17-es_villamos_%282211%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/17-es_villamos_%282211%29.jpg/440px-17-es_villamos_%282211%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:17-es_villamos_(2211).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>CAF Tram on Line 17 at Széll Kálmán Square</div></div></div>\n<p>Public transit in Budapest is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Budapesti_K%C3%B6zleked%C3%A9si_K%C3%B6zpont" title="Budapesti Közlekedési Központ">Centre for Budapest Transport (BKK, <i>Budapesti Közlekedési Központ</i>)</a>, one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Transportation_authority" title="Transportation authority">transportation authorities</a> in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195">&#91;195&#93;</a></sup> BKK operates 4 <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Metro" title="Budapest Metro">metro lines</a> (including the historic <a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Budapest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 1 (Budapest Metro)">Line 1</a>, the oldest underground railway in continental Europe), 5 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%89V" class="mw-redirect" title="HÉV">suburban railway lines</a>, 33 <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Budapest" title="Trams in Budapest">tram lines</a>, 15 trolleybus lines, 264 bus lines (including 40 <a href="/wiki/Night_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Night bus">night routes</a>), 4 boat services, and <i><a href="/wiki/BuBi" title="BuBi">BuBi</a></i>, a smart <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">bicycle sharing network</a>. On an average weekday, BKK lines transports 3.9&#160;million riders; in 2011, it handled a total of 1.4&#160;billion passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196">&#91;196&#93;</a></sup> In 2014, the 65% of the passenger traffic in Budapest was by public transport and 35% by car. The aim is 80%–20% by 2030 in accordance with the strategy of BKK.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197">&#91;197&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The development of complex <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_transportation_system" title="Intelligent transportation system">intelligent transportation system</a> in the city is advancing; the application of <a href="/wiki/Smart_traffic_light" title="Smart traffic light">smart traffic lights</a> is widespread, they are GPS and computer controlled and give priority to the GPS connected public transport vehicles automatically, as well as the traffic is measured and analyzed on the roads and car drivers informed about the expected travel time and traffic by intelligent displays (EasyWay project).<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198">&#91;198&#93;</a></sup> Public transport users are immediately notified of any changes in public transport online, on <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a> and on <a href="/wiki/PIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="PIDS">PIDS</a> displays, as well car drivers can keep track of changes in traffic and road management in real-time online and on <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> through the <i>BKK Info</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199">&#91;199&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200">&#91;200&#93;</a></sup> As well all vehicles can be followed online and on smartphones in real-time throughout the city with the <i>Futár</i> PIDS system,<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">&#91;201&#93;</a></sup> while the continuous introducing of <a href="/wiki/Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">integrated e-ticket</a> system will help the measurement of passenger numbers on each line and the intelligent control of service frequency.\n</p><p>The development of <i>Futár</i>, the citywide <a href="/wiki/Real-time_business_intelligence" title="Real-time business intelligence">real-time</a> <a href="/wiki/Passenger_information_system" title="Passenger information system">passenger information system</a> and real-time <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_route_planner" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transport route planner">route planner</a> is finished already and now all of the public transport vehicle is connected via satellite system. The real-time information of trams, buses and trolleybuses are available for both the operators in the control room and for all the passengers in all stops on smartphone and on city street displays.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202">&#91;202&#93;</a></sup>\nThe implementation of latest generation <a href="/wiki/Automated_fare_collection_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated fare collection system">automated fare collection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_ticket" title="Electronic ticket">e-ticket system</a> with <a href="/wiki/Near_field_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Near field communication">NFC</a> compatibility and reusable <a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a> <a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart cards</a> for making <a href="/wiki/Electronic_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic money">electronic payments</a> in online and offline systems in Budapest is started in 2014, the project is implemented and operated by the operator of Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Octopus_card" title="Octopus card">Octopus card</a> jointly with one of the leading European companies of e-ticket and automated fare collection, <a href="/wiki/Scheidt_%26_Bachmann_Ticket_XPress" title="Scheidt &amp; Bachmann Ticket XPress">Scheidt &amp; Bachmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203">&#91;203&#93;</a></sup> The deployment of 300 new digital contactless <a href="/wiki/Ticket_vending_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticket vending machine">ticket vending machine</a> will be finished by the end of 2014 in harmonization with the e-ticket system.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204">&#91;204&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:5-%C3%B6s_busz_(MYK-372).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/5-%C3%B6s_busz_%28MYK-372%29.jpg/220px-5-%C3%B6s_busz_%28MYK-372%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/5-%C3%B6s_busz_%28MYK-372%29.jpg/330px-5-%C3%B6s_busz_%28MYK-372%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/5-%C3%B6s_busz_%28MYK-372%29.jpg/440px-5-%C3%B6s_busz_%28MYK-372%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:5-%C3%B6s_busz_(MYK-372).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A Volvo 7900A Hybrid in Budapest on Line 5 operated by BKK</div></div></div>\n<p>The tram lines no. 4 and 6 are the busiest city tram lines in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">&#91;205&#93;</a></sup> with one of the world\'s longest trams (54-metre long Siemens <a href="/wiki/Combino" title="Combino">Combino</a>) running at 2–3-minute intervals at peak time and 4–5 minutes off-peak. Day services are usually from 4<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>am until between 11<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>pm and 0:30<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>am.<sup id="cite_ref-A_good_place_to_live_–_Budapest_171-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_good_place_to_live_–_Budapest-171">&#91;171&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Railways" title="Hungarian State Railways">Hungarian State Railways</a> operates an extensive network of <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> services, their importance in the suburban commuter passenger traffic is significant, but in travel within the city is limited.\nThe organiser of public transport in Budapest is the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal corporation</a> <i>Centre for Budapest Transport</i> (Budapesti Közlekedési Központ – BKK), that is responsible for planning and organising network and services, planning and developing tariff concepts, attending to <a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">public service</a> procurer duties, managing public service contracts, operating controlling and monitoring systems, setting and monitoring service level agreements related to public transport, attending to customer service duties, selling and monitoring tickets and passes, attending to integrated passenger information duties, unified Budapest-centric traffic control within public transport, attending to duties related to river navigation, plus the management of Budapest roads, operating <a href="/wiki/Taxi_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxi station">taxi stations</a>, unified control of <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle traffic">bicycle traffic</a> development in the capital, preparing <a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">parking</a> strategy and developing an operational concept, preparation of road traffic management, developing an optimal <a href="/wiki/Traffic_management" title="Traffic management">traffic management</a> system, organising and co-ordinating road reconstruction and more, in short, everything which is related to transport in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">&#91;206&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Roads_and_railways">Roads and railways</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Roads and railways">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Railways" title="Hungarian State Railways">Hungarian State Railways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorways_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorways in Hungary">Motorways in Hungary</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Civertanmegyeri5.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Civertanmegyeri5.jpg/220px-Civertanmegyeri5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Civertanmegyeri5.jpg/330px-Civertanmegyeri5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Civertanmegyeri5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="600" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Civertanmegyeri5.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Megyeri_Bridge" title="Megyeri Bridge">Megyeri Bridge</a> on <a href="/wiki/M0_motorway_(Hungary)" title="M0 motorway (Hungary)">M0 highway ring road</a> around Budapest</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest-Keleti_P%C3%A1lyaudvar_-_panoramio.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Budapest-Keleti_P%C3%A1lyaudvar_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Budapest-Keleti_P%C3%A1lyaudvar_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Budapest-Keleti_P%C3%A1lyaudvar_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Budapest-Keleti_P%C3%A1lyaudvar_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Budapest-Keleti_P%C3%A1lyaudvar_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Budapest-Keleti_P%C3%A1lyaudvar_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest-Keleti_P%C3%A1lyaudvar_-_panoramio.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Keleti_railway_station" title="Budapest Keleti railway station">Keleti Railway Station</a> (Budapest East Central)</div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest is the most important Hungarian road terminus, all of the major highways and railways end within the city limits. The road system in the city is designed in a similar manner to that of Paris, with several ring roads, and avenues radiating out from the center. <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">Ring road</a> <a href="/wiki/M0_motorway_(Hungary)" title="M0 motorway (Hungary)">M0</a> around Budapest is nearly completed, with only one section missing on the west side due to local disputes. Currently the ring road is 80 kilometres (50 miles) in length, and once finished it will be 107 kilometres (66&#160;mi) of highway in length.\n</p><p>The city is a vital traffic hub because all major European roads and European railway lines lead to Budapest.<sup id="cite_ref-budapest.com_89-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budapest.com-89">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> The Danube was and is still today an important water-way and this region in the centre of the Carpathian Basin lies at the cross-roads of trade routes.<sup id="cite_ref-budpocketguide.com_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budpocketguide.com-92">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup>\nHungarian main line railways are operated by Hungarian State Railways. There are three main railway station in Budapest, <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Keleti_p%C3%A1lyaudvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Keleti pályaudvar">Keleti (<i>Eastern</i>)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Nyugati_p%C3%A1lyaudvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Nyugati pályaudvar">Nyugati (<i>Western</i>)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Budapest_D%C3%A9li_p%C3%A1lyaudvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Déli pályaudvar">Déli (<i>Southern</i>)</a>, operating both domestic and international <a href="/wiki/Rail_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail service">rail services</a>. Budapest is one of the main stops of the on its Central and Eastern European route.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">&#91;207&#93;</a></sup> There is also a <a href="/wiki/Suburban_trains_in_Budapest" title="Suburban trains in Budapest">suburban rail</a> service in and around Budapest, three lines of which are operated under the name HÉV.\n</p>\n<h3><span id="Ports.2C_shipping_and_others"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ports,_shipping_and_others">Ports, shipping and others</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: Ports, shipping and others">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>The river Danube flows through Budapest on its way from (Germany) to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. The river is easily navigable and so Budapest historically has a major <a href="/wiki/Commercial_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial port">commercial port</a> at <a href="/wiki/Csepel" title="Csepel">Csepel</a> District and at <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ajpest" title="Újpest">New Pest</a> District also. The Pest side is also a famous port place with <a href="/wiki/International_shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="International shipping">international shipping</a> ports for cargo<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208">&#91;208&#93;</a></sup> and for passenger ships.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209">&#91;209&#93;</a></sup> In the summer months, a scheduled <a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">hydrofoil</a> service operates on the Danube connecting the city to Vienna.\n</p><p>BKK (through the operator <a href="/wiki/Budapesti_K%C3%B6zleked%C3%A9si_Zrt." title="Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.">BKV</a>) also provides public transport with boat service within the borders of the city. Four routes, marked D11-14, connect the 2 banks with Margaret Island and Hajógyári-island, from Római fürdő (Buda side, North to Óbudai island) or Árpád Bridge (Pest side) to Rákóczi Bridge, with a total of 15 stops. In addition, several companies provides sightseeing boat trips and also an amphibious vehicle (bus and boat) operates constantly.\n</p><p>Water quality in Budapest harbours improved dramatically in the recent years, treatment facilities processed 100% of generated sewage in 2010. Budapesters regularly <a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">kayak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jet-ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet-ski">jet-ski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">sail</a> on the Danube, which has continuously become a major recreational site for the city.\n</p><p>Special vehicles in Budapest, besides metros, include suburban rails, trams and boats. There are a couple of less common vehicles in Budapest, like the trolleybus on several lines in <a href="/wiki/Pest_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pest (city)">Pest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Castle_Hill_Funicular" title="Budapest Castle Hill Funicular">Castle Hill Funicular</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9chenyi_Chain_Bridge" title="Széchenyi Chain Bridge">Chain Bridge</a> and Buda Castle, the <a href="/wiki/Cyclecar" title="Cyclecar">cyclecar</a> for rent in Margaret Island, the <a href="/wiki/Chairlift" title="Chairlift">chairlift</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Cog-wheel_Railway" title="Budapest Cog-wheel Railway">Budapest Cog-wheel Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_railway" title="Children&#39;s railway">children\'s railway</a>. The latter three vehicles run among Buda hills.\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences_Budapest.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences_Budapest.jpg/200px-Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences_Budapest.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences_Budapest.jpg/300px-Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences_Budapest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences_Budapest.jpg/400px-Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences_Budapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4499" data-file-height="2980" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences_Budapest.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a> seat in Budapest, founded in 1825 by <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Sz%C3%A9chenyi" title="István Széchenyi">Count István Széchenyi</a></div></div></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture_and_contemporary_life">Culture and contemporary life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Culture and contemporary life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Budapest" title="Category:Culture in Budapest">Category:Culture in Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hungary" title="Culture of Hungary">Culture of Hungary</a></div>\n<p>The culture of Budapest is reflected by Budapest\'s size and variety. Most Hungarian cultural movements first emerged in the city. Budapest is an important center for music, film, theatre, dance and visual art. Artists have been drawn into the city by opportunity, as the city government funds the arts with adequate financial resources.\nBudapest is the headquarters of the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/LGBT" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> community.\n</p><p>Budapest was named "City of Design" in December 2015 and has been a member of <a href="/wiki/Creative_Cities_Network" title="Creative Cities Network">UNESCO Creative Cities Network</a> since then.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210">&#91;210&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Museums_and_galleries">Museums and galleries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: Museums and galleries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"/><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:372px;max-width:372px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest_Fine_Arts_Museum_bldg.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Budapest_Fine_Arts_Museum_bldg.jpg/183px-Budapest_Fine_Arts_Museum_bldg.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="141" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Budapest_Fine_Arts_Museum_bldg.jpg/275px-Budapest_Fine_Arts_Museum_bldg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Budapest_Fine_Arts_Museum_bldg.jpg/366px-Budapest_Fine_Arts_Museum_bldg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="983" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_Applied_Arts_(Budapest).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Museum_of_Applied_Arts_%28Budapest%29.jpg/181px-Museum_of_Applied_Arts_%28Budapest%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="141" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Museum_of_Applied_Arts_%28Budapest%29.jpg/272px-Museum_of_Applied_Arts_%28Budapest%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Museum_of_Applied_Arts_%28Budapest%29.jpg/362px-Museum_of_Applied_Arts_%28Budapest%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="778" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%B6ldtani_int%C3%A9zet_-_Budapest.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/F%C3%B6ldtani_int%C3%A9zet_-_Budapest.jpg/182px-F%C3%B6ldtani_int%C3%A9zet_-_Budapest.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="125" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/F%C3%B6ldtani_int%C3%A9zet_-_Budapest.jpg/273px-F%C3%B6ldtani_int%C3%A9zet_-_Budapest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/F%C3%B6ldtani_int%C3%A9zet_-_Budapest.jpg/364px-F%C3%B6ldtani_int%C3%A9zet_-_Budapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="710" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:AquincM4.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/AquincM4.jpg/182px-AquincM4.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="137" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/AquincM4.jpg/273px-AquincM4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/AquincM4.jpg/364px-AquincM4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent">Clockwise, from upper left: <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Budapest)" title="Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)">Museum of Fine Arts Budapest</a>; <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Applied_Arts_(Budapest)" title="Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)">Museum of Applied Arts</a>; A view of the interior of the <a href="/wiki/Aquincum_Museum" title="Aquincum Museum">Aquincum Museum</a>; <a href="/wiki/Geological_Museum_of_Budapest" title="Geological Museum of Budapest">Geological Museum of Budapest</a>.</div></div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest is packed with museums and galleries. The city glories in 223 museums and galleries, which presents several memories, next to the Hungarian ones as well those of universal and European culture and science. Here are the greatest examples among them: the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Museum" title="Hungarian National Museum">Hungarian National Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Gallery" title="Hungarian National Gallery">Hungarian National Gallery</a>, the Museum of Fine Arts (where can see the pictures of Hungarian painters, like <a href="/wiki/Victor_Vasarely" title="Victor Vasarely">Victor Vasarely</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_Munk%C3%A1csy" title="Mihály Munkácsy">Mihály Munkácsy</a> and a great collection about <a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Italian art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_art" title="Dutch art">Dutch art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_art" title="Spanish art">Spanish art</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_art" class="mw-redirect" title="British art">British art</a> from before the 19th century and <a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">French art</a>, British art, <a href="/wiki/German_art" title="German art">German art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian art">Austrian art</a> after the 19th century), the House of Terror, the Budapest Historical Museum, the Aquincum Museum, the Memento Park, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Applied_Arts_(Budapest)" title="Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)">Museum of Applied Arts</a> and the contemporary arts exhibition Palace of Arts Budapest.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211">&#91;211&#93;</a></sup> In Budapest there are currently 837 different monuments, which represent the most of the European artistic style. The classical and unique <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Hungarian Art Nouveau</a> buildings are prominent.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Libraries">Libraries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: Libraries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>A lot of libraries have unique collections in Budapest, such as the National Széchenyi Library, which keeps historical relics from the age before the printing of books. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Szab%C3%B3_Ervin_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Szabó Ervin Library">Metropolitan Szabó Ervin Library</a> plays an important role in the general education of the capital\'s population. Other libraries: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Library_of_the_Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">The Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_University_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eötvös University Library (page does not exist)">Eötvös University Library</a>, the Parliamentary Library, Library of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and the National Library of Foreign Literature.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Opera_and_theatres">Opera and theatres</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: Opera and theatres">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_opera" title="Hungarian opera">Hungarian opera</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian_State_Opera_House(PDXdj).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hungarian_State_Opera_House%28PDXdj%29.jpg/220px-Hungarian_State_Opera_House%28PDXdj%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hungarian_State_Opera_House%28PDXdj%29.jpg/330px-Hungarian_State_Opera_House%28PDXdj%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hungarian_State_Opera_House%28PDXdj%29.jpg/440px-Hungarian_State_Opera_House%28PDXdj%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian_State_Opera_House(PDXdj).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Opera_House" title="Hungarian State Opera House">Hungarian State Opera House</a></div></div></div>\n<p>In Budapest there are forty theatres, seven concert halls and an opera house.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">&#91;212&#93;</a></sup> Outdoor festivals, concerts and lectures enrich the cultural offer of summer, which are often held in historical buildings. The largest theatre facilities are the Budapest Operetta and Musical Theatre, the József Attila Theatre, the Katona József Theatre, the Madách Theatre, the Hungarian State Opera House, the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Budapest)" title="National Theatre (Budapest)">National Theatre</a>, the Vigadó Concert Hall, Radnóti Miklós Theatre, the <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Theatre_of_Budapest" title="Comedy Theatre of Budapest">Comedy Theatre</a> and the Palace of Arts, known as <i>MUPA</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Opera_Ball" title="Budapest Opera Ball">Budapest Opera Ball</a> is an annual Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">society</a> event taking place in the building of the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Opera">Budapest Opera</a> (<i>Operaház</i>) on the last Saturday of the carnival season, usually late February.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">&#91;213&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Performing_arts_and_festivals">Performing arts and festivals</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: Performing arts and festivals">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Budapest" title="Music of Budapest">Music of Budapest</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sziget_Magyar_Dal.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sziget_Magyar_Dal.jpg/220px-Sziget_Magyar_Dal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sziget_Magyar_Dal.jpg/330px-Sziget_Magyar_Dal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sziget_Magyar_Dal.jpg/440px-Sziget_Magyar_Dal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sziget_Magyar_Dal.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Sziget_Festival" title="Sziget Festival">Sziget Festival</a> Budapest. One of the largest music festivals in Europe provides a multicultural, diverse meeting point for locals and foreigners every year.</div></div></div>\n<p>Several annual festivals take place in Budapest.  The <a href="/wiki/Sziget_Festival" title="Sziget Festival">Sziget Festival</a> is one of the largest outdoor music festival in Europe.  The <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Spring_Festival" title="Budapest Spring Festival">Budapest Spring Festival</a> includes concerts at several venues across the city. The <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Budapest_Contemporary_Arts_Festival" title="Café Budapest Contemporary Arts Festival">Café Budapest Contemporary Arts Festival</a> (formerly the Budapest Autumn Festival) brings free music, dance, art, and other cultural events to the streets of the city. The Budapest Wine Festival and Budapest <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a> Festival, occurring each May, are <a href="/wiki/Gastronomy" title="Gastronomy">gastronomy</a> festivals focusing on culinary pleasures. The <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Pride" title="Budapest Pride">Budapest Pride</a> (or Budapest Pride Film and Cultural Festival) occurs annually across the city, and usually involves a parade on the Andrássy Avenue. Other festivals include the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Fringe_Festival" title="Budapest Fringe Festival">Budapest Fringe Festival</a>, which brings more than 500 artists in about 50 shows to produce a wide range of works in <a href="/wiki/Alternative_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative theatre">alternative theatre</a>, dance, music and comedy outside the <a href="/wiki/Mainstream" title="Mainstream">mainstream</a>. The <a href="/wiki/LOW_Festival" title="LOW Festival">LOW Festival</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Multidisciplinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Multidisciplinary">multidisciplinary</a> contemporary cultural festival held in Hungary in the cities Budapest and Pécs from February until March; the name of the festival alludes to the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>, the region encompassing the Netherlands and Flanders. The Budapest Jewish Summer Festival, in late August, is one of the largest in Europe.\n</p><p>There are many symphony orchestras in Budapest, with the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra">Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra</a> being the preeminent one.  It was founded in 1853 by <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Erkel" title="Ferenc Erkel">Ferenc Erkel</a> and still presents regular concerts in the Hungarian State Opera House and <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Budapest)" title="National Theatre (Budapest)">National Theatre</a>. Budapest also has one of the more active jazz scenes in Central Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">&#91;214&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>The dance tradition of the Carpathian Basin is a unique area of the European dance culture, which is also a special transition between the Balkans and Western Europe regions. The city is home to several authentic <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Budapest" title="Music of Budapest">Hungarian folk dance ensembles</a> which range from small ensembles to professional troupes. Budapest is one of the few cities in the world with a high school for learning folk dance.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fashion">Fashion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section: Fashion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>Budapest is home to a <a href="/wiki/Fashion_week" title="Fashion week">fashion week</a> twice a year, where the city\'s fashion designers and houses present their collections and provide a meeting place for the <a href="/wiki/Fashion_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion industry">fashion industry</a> representatives. <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Fashion_Week" title="Budapest Fashion Week">Budapest Fashion Week</a> additionally a place for designers from other countries may present their collections in Budapest. Hungarian models, like <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Palvin" title="Barbara Palvin">Barbara Palvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enik%C5%91_Mihalik" title="Enikő Mihalik">Enikő Mihalik</a>, Diána Mészáros, <a href="/wiki/Vikt%C3%B3ria_V%C3%A1mosi" title="Viktória Vámosi">Viktória Vámosi</a> usually appearing at these events along international participants.\nFashion brands like <a href="/wiki/Zara_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zara (clothing)">Zara</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%26M" title="H&amp;M">H&amp;M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango (clothing)">Mango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esprit_Holdings" title="Esprit Holdings">ESPRIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas AG">Douglas AG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacoste" title="Lacoste">Lacoste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> and other retail fashion brands are common across the city\'s shopping malls and on the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215">&#91;215&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Major luxury fashion brands such as <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli" title="Roberto Cavalli">Roberto Cavalli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana" title="Dolce &amp; Gabbana">Dolce &amp; Gabbana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gucci" title="Gucci">Gucci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Versace" title="Versace">Versace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferragamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferragamo">Ferragamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moschino" title="Moschino">Moschino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prada" title="Prada">Prada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Boss" title="Hugo Boss">Hugo Boss</a>, can be found among the city\'s most prestigious shopping streets, the Fashion Street, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1ci_Street" title="Váci Street">Váci Street</a> and Andrássy Avenue in Budapest\'s main upscale fashion district, the Leopoldtown.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Media">Media</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Media_in_Budapest" title="Category:Media in Budapest">Category:Media in Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Budapest" title="List of films shot in Budapest">List of films shot in Budapest</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Szabads%C3%A1g_Square,_Stock_Exchange_Palacve.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Szabads%C3%A1g_Square%2C_Stock_Exchange_Palacve.jpg/220px-Szabads%C3%A1g_Square%2C_Stock_Exchange_Palacve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Szabads%C3%A1g_Square%2C_Stock_Exchange_Palacve.jpg/330px-Szabads%C3%A1g_Square%2C_Stock_Exchange_Palacve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Szabads%C3%A1g_Square%2C_Stock_Exchange_Palacve.jpg/440px-Szabads%C3%A1g_Square%2C_Stock_Exchange_Palacve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Szabads%C3%A1g_Square,_Stock_Exchange_Palacve.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">Hungarian Television</a> seat in 2009 at <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square_(Budapest)" title="Liberty Square (Budapest)">Liberty square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Inner_City_(Budapest)" title="Inner City (Budapest)">District V</a></div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest is a prominent location for the Hungarian entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media set there. Budapest is the largest centre for film and television production in Hungary. In 2011, it employed more than 50,000 people and generated 63.9% of revenues of the media industry in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216">&#91;216&#93;</a></sup>\nBudapest is the media centre of Hungary, and the location of the main headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">Hungarian Television</a> and other local and national TV and radio stations, such as <a href="/wiki/M1_(TV_channel)" title="M1 (TV channel)">M1</a>, <a href="/wiki/M2_(TV_channel)" title="M2 (TV channel)">M2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duna_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Duna TV">Duna TV</a>, Duna World, <a href="/wiki/RTL_Klub" title="RTL Klub">RTL Klub</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV2_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV2 (Hungary)">TV2 (Hungary)</a>, <a href="/wiki/EuroNews" class="mw-redirect" title="EuroNews">EuroNews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy Central Hungary">Comedy Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTV_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Hungary">MTV Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viva_(TV_station)#VIVA_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Viva (TV station)">VIVA Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viasat_3" title="Viasat 3">Viasat 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cool_TV" title="Cool TV">Cool TV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pro4" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro4">Pro4</a>, and politics and news channels such as <a href="/wiki/H%C3%ADr_TV" title="Hír TV">Hír TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATV_(Hungary)" title="ATV (Hungary)">ATV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Echo_TV" title="Echo TV">Echo TV</a>. Documentary channels include <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_Hungary" title="Discovery Channel Hungary">Discovery Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Science_Europe/ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery Science Europe/ME">Discovery Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discovery_World_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery World (TV channel)">Discovery World</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild" title="Nat Geo Wild">Nat Geo Wild</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektrum_TV&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektrum TV (page does not exist)">Spektrum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Entertainment" title="BBC Entertainment">BBC Entertainment</a>. This is less than a quarter of the channels broadcast from Budapest; for the whole picture see <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hungary" title="Television in Hungary">Television in Hungary</a>.\n</p><p>In 2012, there were 7.2&#160;million <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_number_of_Internet_users" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states by number of Internet users">internet users</a> in Hungary (72% of the population).<sup id="cite_ref-NIUCalc_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIUCalc-217">&#91;217&#93;</a></sup> and there were 2.3&#160;million subscriptions for mobile broadband.<sup id="cite_ref-MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012-218">&#91;218&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cuisine">Cuisine</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian cuisine</a></div>\n<p>In the modern age, Budapest developed its own peculiar cuisine, based on products of the nearby region, such as lamb, pork and vegetables special to the region. Modern Hungarian cuisine is a synthesis of ancient Asiatic components mixed with French, Germanic, Italian, and Slavic elements. The food of Hungary can be considered a melting pot of the continent, with a culinary base formed from its own, original <a href="/wiki/Magyar_tribes" title="Magyar tribes">Magyar</a> cuisine. Considerable numbers of <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, Armenians, Italians, Jews and Serbs settled in the Hungarian basin and in Transylvania, also contributing with different new dishes. Elements of ancient Turkish cuisine were adopted during the Ottoman era, in the form of sweets (for example different <a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">nougats</a>, like white nougat called <i>törökméz</i>), <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quince</a> (<i>birsalma</i>), <a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Turkish delight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a> or rice dishes like <a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">pilaf</a>, meat and vegetable dishes like the <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>, used in <a href="/wiki/Eggplant_salads_and_appetizers" title="Eggplant salads and appetizers">eggplant salads and appetizers</a>, stuffed peppers and stuffed cabbage called <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6lt%C3%B6tt_k%C3%A1poszta" class="mw-redirect" title="Töltött káposzta">töltött káposzta</a></i>. Hungarian cuisine was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian cuisine</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>, dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed from Austrian cuisine, and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">&#91;219&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>Budapest restaurants reflect diversity, with menus carrying traditional regional cuisine, fusions of various culinary influences, or innovating in the leading edge of new techniques. Budapest\' food shops also have a solid reputation for supplying quality specialised culinary products and supplies, reputations that are often built up over generations. These include many shops, such as Café Gerbeaud, one of the greatest and most traditional <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffeehouses</a> in Europe, or the <a href="/wiki/Gundel" title="Gundel">Gundel</a> restaurant and gastro shop in the City Park.\nFoodies can also find the highest quality foods served in several <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michelin_starred_restaurants#By_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Michelin starred restaurants">Michelin-starred</a> restaurants, like Onyx, Costes, Borkonyha or Tanti.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="In_fiction">In fiction</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Edit section: In fiction">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>The 1906 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paul_Street_Boys" title="The Paul Street Boys">The Paul Street Boys</a></i>, the 1937 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_by_Moonlight" title="Journey by Moonlight">Journey by Moonlight</a></i>, the 1957 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_at_Andau" title="The Bridge at Andau">The Bridge at Andau</a></i>, the 1975 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Fatelessness" title="Fatelessness">Fateless</a></i>, the 1977 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_a_Family_Story" title="The End of a Family Story">The End of a Family Story</a></i>, the 1986 book <i><a href="/wiki/Between_the_Woods_and_the_Water" title="Between the Woods and the Water">Between the Woods and the Water</a></i>, the 1992 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Frog" title="Under the Frog">Under the Frog</a></i>, the 1987 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Door_(novel)" title="The Door (novel)">The Door</a></i>, the 2002 novel <i>Prague</i>, the 2003 book <i><a href="/wiki/Chico_Buarque" title="Chico Buarque">Budapeste</a></i>, the 2004 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Julian_Rubinstein" title="Julian Rubinstein">Ballad of the Whisky Robber</a></i>, the 2005 novels <i><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Stories" title="Parallel Stories">Parallel Stories</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Historian" title="The Historian">The Historian</a></i>, the 2012 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Noir" title="Budapest Noir">Budapest Noir</a></i> are set, amongst others, partly or entirely in Budapest. Some of the better known feature films set in Budapest are <i><a href="/wiki/Kontroll" title="Kontroll">Kontroll</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_District!" title="The District!">The District!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ein_Lied_von_Liebe_und_Tod" title="Ein Lied von Liebe und Tod">Ein Lied von Liebe und Tod</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_(1999_film)" title="Sunshine (1999 film)">Sunshine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/An_American_Rhapsody" title="An American Rhapsody">An American Rhapsody</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Desire_Me_(film)" title="As You Desire Me (film)">As You Desire Me</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Fairy_(film)" title="The Good Fairy (film)">The Good Fairy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hanna%27s_War" title="Hanna&#39;s War">Hanna\'s War</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journey_(1959_film)" title="The Journey (1959 film)">The Journey</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ladies_in_Love" title="Ladies in Love">Ladies in Love</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_(film)" title="Music Box (film)">Music Box</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shop_Around_the_Corner" title="The Shop Around the Corner">The Shop Around the Corner</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zoo_in_Budapest" title="Zoo in Budapest">Zoo in Budapest</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Underworld_(2003_film)" title="Underworld (2003 film)">Underworld</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_%E2%80%93_Ghost_Protocol" title="Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol">Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol</a></i> and Spy. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Budapest_Hotel" title="The Grand Budapest Hotel">The Grand Budapest Hotel</a></i> (2014) is a Wes Anderson film. It was filmed in Germany and set in the fictional Republic of Zubrowka which is in the alpine mountains of Hungary.\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na_02.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na_02.jpg/220px-Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na_02.jpg/330px-Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na_02.jpg/440px-Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3997" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na_02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Pusk%C3%A1s_Ar%C3%A9na" title="Puskás Aréna">Puskás Aréna</a> is the national stadium and the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Papp_Budapest_Sports_Arena" title="László Papp Budapest Sports Arena">László Papp Budapest Sports Arena</a>.</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_Hungary_2015_Qual.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hamilton_Hungary_2015_Qual.jpg/220px-Hamilton_Hungary_2015_Qual.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hamilton_Hungary_2015_Qual.jpg/330px-Hamilton_Hungary_2015_Qual.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hamilton_Hungary_2015_Qual.jpg/440px-Hamilton_Hungary_2015_Qual.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2801" data-file-height="1342" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_Hungary_2015_Qual.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton" title="Lewis Hamilton">Lewis Hamilton</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2015_Hungarian_Grand_Prix" title="2015 Hungarian Grand Prix">2015 Hungarian Grand Prix</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hungaroring" title="Hungaroring">Hungaroring</a></div></div></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Budapest" title="Category:Sport in Budapest">Category:Sport in Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Hungary" title="Football in Hungary">Football in Hungary</a></div>\n<p>Budapest hosted many global <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sport</a> event in the past, among others the <a href="/wiki/1994_IAAF_World_Cross_Country_Championships" title="1994 IAAF World Cross Country Championships">1994 IAAF World Cross Country Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/1997_World_Amateur_Boxing_Championships" title="1997 World Amateur Boxing Championships">1997 World Amateur Boxing Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_World_Fencing_Championships" title="2000 World Fencing Championships">2000 World Fencing Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2001_World_Allround_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="2001 World Allround Speed Skating Championships">2001 World Allround Speed Skating Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandy_World_Championship_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandy World Championship 2004">Bandy World Championship 2004</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_World_Interuniversity_Games" title="2008 World Interuniversity Games">2008 World Interuniversity Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_World_Modern_Pentathlon_Championships" title="2008 World Modern Pentathlon Championships">2008 World Modern Pentathlon Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2010_ITU_World_Championship_Series" title="2010 ITU World Championship Series">2010 ITU World Championship Series</a>, 2011 <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF World Championship">IIHF World Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012_European_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="2012 European Speed Skating Championships">2012 European Speed Skating Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_World_Fencing_Championships" title="2013 World Fencing Championships">2013 World Fencing Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_World_Wrestling_Championships" title="2013 World Wrestling Championships">2013 World Wrestling Championships</a>, 2014 <a href="/wiki/World_Masters_Athletics_Championships" title="World Masters Athletics Championships">World Masters Athletics Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Aquatics_Championships" title="2017 World Aquatics Championships">2017 World Aquatics Championships</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Judo_Championships" title="2017 World Judo Championships">2017 World Judo Championships</a>, only in the last two-decade. Besides these, Budapest was the home of many European-level tournaments, like <a href="/wiki/2006_European_Aquatics_Championships" title="2006 European Aquatics Championships">2006 European Aquatics Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2010_European_Aquatics_Championships" title="2010 European Aquatics Championships">2010 European Aquatics Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2010_UEFA_Futsal_Championship" title="2010 UEFA Futsal Championship">2010 UEFA Futsal Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_European_Judo_Championships" title="2013 European Judo Championships">2013 European Judo Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_European_Karate_Championships" title="2013 European Karate Championships">2013 European Karate Championships</a> and will be the host of <a href="/wiki/2023_World_Championships_in_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 World Championships in Athletics">2023 World Championships in Athletics</a> and 4 matches in the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2020" title="UEFA Euro 2020">UEFA Euro 2020</a>, which will be held in the 67,889-seat new <a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_stadium" title="Multi-purpose stadium">multi-purpose</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Pusk%C3%A1s_Ferenc_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="New Puskás Ferenc Stadium">Puskás Ferenc Stadium</a>, to mention a few.\n</p><p>In 2015 the Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Olympic_Committee" title="Hungarian Olympic Committee">Hungarian Olympic Committee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Budapest" title="General Assembly of Budapest">Assembly of Budapest</a> decided to bid for the <a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Summer Olympics</a>. Budapest has lost several bids to host the games, in <a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics">1916</a>, <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>, <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>, <a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics">1944</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a> to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Antwerp, London, and Rome, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">&#91;220&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">&#91;221&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Parliament">Hungarian Parliament</a> also voted to support the bid on 28 January 2016, later Budapest City Council approved list of venues and <a href="/wiki/Budapest_bid_for_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Budapest bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics">Budapest became an official candidate for the 2024 Summer Olympic Games</a>. However, they have recently withdrawn and only Paris and Los Angeles remain as candidates for the 2024 Olympics.\n</p><p>Numerous Olympic, World, and European Championship winners and medalists reside in the city, which follows from Hungary\'s 8th place among all the nations of the world in the <a href="/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Olympic Games medal table">All-time Olympic Games medal table</a>.\nHungarians have always been avid sports people: during the history of the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympic Games</a>, Hungarians have brought home 476 medals, of which 167 are gold. The top events in which Hungarians have excelled are fencing, swimming, water polo, canoeing, wrestling and track &amp; field sports. Beside classic sports, recreational modern sports such as bowling, pool billiard, darts, go-carting, wakeboarding and squash are very popular in Budapest, and extreme sports are also gaining ground. Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Marathon" title="Budapest Marathon">Budapest Marathon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Half_Marathon" title="Budapest Half Marathon">Budapest Half Marathon</a> also attract many people every year. The city\'s largest football stadium is named after <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Ferenc Puskás">Ferenc Puskás</a>, recognised as the top scorer of the 20th century and for whom <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>\'s Puskás Award (<a href="/wiki/Ballon_d%27Or_(1956%E2%80%932009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballon d&#39;Or (1956–2009)">Ballon d\'Or</a>) was named.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222">&#91;222&#93;</a></sup>\n</p><p>One of Budapest\'s most popular sport is football and it has many <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_football_league_system" title="Hungarian football league system">Hungarian League</a> football club, including in the top level <a href="/wiki/Nemzeti_Bajnoks%C3%A1g_I" title="Nemzeti Bajnokság I">Nemzeti Bajnokság I</a> league, like <a href="/wiki/Ferencv%C3%A1rosi_TC" title="Ferencvárosi TC">Ferencvárosi TC</a> <small>(29 Hungarian League titles)</small>, <a href="/wiki/MTK_Budapest_FC" title="MTK Budapest FC">MTK Budapest FC</a> <small>(23 titles)</small>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ajpest_FC" title="Újpest FC">Újpest FC</a> <small>(20 titles)</small>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Honv%C3%A9d_FC" title="Budapest Honvéd FC">Budapest Honvéd FC</a> <small>(13 titles)</small>, <a href="/wiki/Vasas_SC" title="Vasas SC">Vasas SC</a> <small>(6 titles)</small>, <a href="/wiki/Csepel_SC" title="Csepel SC">Csepel SC</a> <small>(4 titles)</small>, <a href="/wiki/Budapesti_TC" title="Budapesti TC">Budapesti TC</a> <small>(2 titles)</small>.\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Grand_Prix" title="Hungarian Grand Prix">Hungarian Grand Prix</a> in <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> has been held at the <a href="/wiki/Hungaroring" title="Hungaroring">Hungaroring</a> just outside the city, which circuit has <a href="/wiki/FIA" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA">FIA</a> Grade 1 license.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223">&#91;223&#93;</a></sup> Since 1986, the race has been a round of the <a href="/wiki/FIA" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA">FIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> World Championship. At the <a href="/wiki/2013_Hungarian_Grand_Prix" title="2013 Hungarian Grand Prix">2013 Hungarian Grand Prix</a>, it was confirmed that Hungary will continue to host a Formula 1 race until 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224">&#91;224&#93;</a></sup> The track was completely resurfaced for the first time in early 2016, and it was announced the Grand Prix\'s deal was extended for a further 5 years, until 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">&#91;225&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hungary" title="Education in Hungary">Education in Hungary</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest,_M%C5%B1szaki_Egyetem.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Budapest%2C_M%C5%B1szaki_Egyetem.jpg/220px-Budapest%2C_M%C5%B1szaki_Egyetem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Budapest%2C_M%C5%B1szaki_Egyetem.jpg/330px-Budapest%2C_M%C5%B1szaki_Egyetem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Budapest%2C_M%C5%B1szaki_Egyetem.jpg/440px-Budapest%2C_M%C5%B1szaki_Egyetem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Budapest,_M%C5%B1szaki_Egyetem.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Main Building of the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_University_of_Technology_and_Economics" title="Budapest University of Technology and Economics">Budapest University of Technology and Economics</a>, it is the oldest institute of technology in the world, founded in 1782</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Iskola-Lotz3.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Iskola-Lotz3.JPG/220px-Iskola-Lotz3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Iskola-Lotz3.JPG/330px-Iskola-Lotz3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Iskola-Lotz3.JPG/440px-Iskola-Lotz3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Iskola-Lotz3.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Rector\'s Council Hall of <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Business_School" title="Budapest Business School">Budapest Business School</a>, the first public business school in the world, founded in 1857</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Liszt_Ferenc_Zenem%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_Egyetem_2013-ban_fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADtott_homlokzata.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liszt_Ferenc_Zenem%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_Egyetem_2013-ban_fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADtott_homlokzata.JPG/220px-Liszt_Ferenc_Zenem%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_Egyetem_2013-ban_fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADtott_homlokzata.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liszt_Ferenc_Zenem%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_Egyetem_2013-ban_fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADtott_homlokzata.JPG/330px-Liszt_Ferenc_Zenem%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_Egyetem_2013-ban_fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADtott_homlokzata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liszt_Ferenc_Zenem%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_Egyetem_2013-ban_fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADtott_homlokzata.JPG/440px-Liszt_Ferenc_Zenem%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_Egyetem_2013-ban_fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADtott_homlokzata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="833" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Liszt_Ferenc_Zenem%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_Egyetem_2013-ban_fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADtott_homlokzata.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Main Building of the <a href="/wiki/Liszt_Ferenc_Academy_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music">Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music</a>, founded in 1875</div></div></div>\n<p>Budapest is home to over 35 higher education institutions, many of which are universities. Under the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a>, many offered qualifications are recognised in countries across Europe. Medicine, dentistry, pharmaceuticals, veterinary programs, and engineering are among the most popular fields for foreigners to undertake in Budapest. Most universities in Budapest offer courses in English, as well as in other languages like German, French, and Dutch, aimed specifically at foreigners. Many students from other European countries spend one or two semesters in Budapest through the <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus Programme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">&#91;226&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:center; font-size:90%;">\n<caption><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Hungary">Universities in Budapest</a>\n</caption>\n<tbody><tr>\n<th>Name\n</th>\n<th>Established\n</th>\n<th>City\n</th>\n<th>Type\n</th>\n<th>Students\n</th>\n<th>Academic staff\n</th></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Business_School" title="Budapest Business School">Budapest Business School</a></td>\n<td>1857</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_school" title="Business school">Business school</a></td>\n<td>16,905</td>\n<td>987\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Szent_Istv%C3%A1n_University" title="Szent István University">Szent István University</a></td>\n<td>1787</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>12,583</td>\n<td>1,313\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Budapest_University_of_Technology_and_Economics" title="Budapest University of Technology and Economics">Budapest University of Technology and Economics</a></td>\n<td>1782</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></td>\n<td>21,171</td>\n<td>961\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Corvinus_University_of_Budapest" title="Corvinus University of Budapest">Corvinus University</a></td>\n<td>1920</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_school" title="Business school">Business school</a></td>\n<td>14,522</td>\n<td>867\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Eötvös Loránd University</a></td>\n<td>1635</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>26,006</td>\n<td>1,800\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_University_of_Fine_Arts" title="Hungarian University of Fine Arts">Hungarian University of Fine Arts</a></td>\n<td>1871</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a></td>\n<td>652</td>\n<td>232\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Liszt_Ferenc_Academy_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music">Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music</a></td>\n<td>1875</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Music school</a></td>\n<td>831</td>\n<td>168\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Moholy-Nagy_University_of_Art_and_Design" title="Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design">Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design</a></td>\n<td>1870</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a></td>\n<td>894</td>\n<td>122\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Public_Service" title="National University of Public Service">National University of Public Service</a></td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Ludovica_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludovica Military Academy">1808</a></td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>10,800</td>\n<td>465\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93buda_University" title="Óbuda University">Óbuda University</a></td>\n<td>1879</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></td>\n<td>12,888</td>\n<td>421\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Semmelweis_University" title="Semmelweis University">Semmelweis University</a></td>\n<td>1769</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical school</a></td>\n<td>10,880</td>\n<td>1,230\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Physical_Education&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Physical Education (page does not exist)">University of Physical Education</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika_Universitato_de_Budape%C5%9Dto" class="extiw" title="eo:Gimnastika Universitato de Budapeŝto">eo</a>; <a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testnevel%C3%A9si_Egyetem" class="extiw" title="hu:Testnevelési Egyetem">hu</a>&#93;</span></td>\n<td>1925</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>2,500</td>\n<td>220\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Drama_and_Film_in_Budapest" title="Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest">Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest</a></td>\n<td>1865</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a></td>\n<td>455</td>\n<td>111\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1ssy_University_Budapest" title="Andrássy University Budapest">Andrássy University Budapest</a></td>\n<td>2002</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>210</td>\n<td>51\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Aquincum_Institute_of_Technology" title="Aquincum Institute of Technology">Aquincum Institute of Technology</a></td>\n<td>2011</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></td>\n<td>50</td>\n<td>41\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Budapest_College_of_Communication_and_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest College of Communication and Business">Budapest Metropolitan University</a></td>\n<td>2001</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>8,000</td>\n<td>350\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Budapest_University_of_Jewish_Studies" title="Budapest University of Jewish Studies">Budapest University of Jewish Studies</a></td>\n<td>1877</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Theological university</a></td>\n<td>200</td>\n<td>60\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">Central European University</a></td>\n<td>1991</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>1,380</td>\n<td>399\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/International_Business_School,_Budapest" title="International Business School, Budapest">International Business School</a></td>\n<td>1991</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_school" title="Business school">Business school</a></td>\n<td>800</td>\n<td>155\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roli_G%C3%A1sp%C3%A1r_University_of_the_Hungarian_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Károli Gáspár University of the Hungarian Reformed Church">Károli Gáspár University of Reformed Church</a></td>\n<td>1855</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>4,301</td>\n<td>342\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1zm%C3%A1ny_P%C3%A9ter_Catholic_University" title="Pázmány Péter Catholic University">Pázmány Péter Catholic University</a></td>\n<td>1635</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">Classic university</a></td>\n<td>9,469</td>\n<td>736\n</td></tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Lutheran_Theological_University&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Theological University (page does not exist)">Evangelical-Lutheran Theological University</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luterana_Teologia_Universitato" class="extiw" title="eo:Luterana Teologia Universitato">eo</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_th%C3%A9ologique_%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique_luth%C3%A9rienne" class="extiw" title="fr:Université théologique évangélique luthérienne">fr</a>; <a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evang%C3%A9likus_Hittudom%C3%A1nyi_Egyetem" class="extiw" title="hu:Evangélikus Hittudományi Egyetem">hu</a>; <a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeli%C4%8Dki-luteranski_teolo%C5%A1ki_univerzitet_u_Budimpe%C5%A1ti" class="extiw" title="sh:Evangelički-luteranski teološki univerzitet u Budimpešti">sh</a>&#93;</span></td>\n<td>1557</td>\n<td>Budapest</td>\n<td><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Theological university</a></td>\n<td>220</td>\n<td>36\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_people">Notable people</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Budapest" title="List of people from Budapest">List of people from Budapest</a></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_relations">International relations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<p>Budapest has quite a few <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">sister cities</a> and many partner cities around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Budapest_twinnings_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budapest_twinnings-227">&#91;227&#93;</a></sup>\nLike Budapest, many of them are the most influential and largest cities of their country and region, most of them are the primate city and political, economical, cultural capital of their country.\nThe Mayor of Budapest says the aim of improving sister city relationships is to allow and encourage a mutual exchange of information and experiences, as well as co-operation, in the areas of city management, education, culture, tourism, media and communication, trade and business development.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228">&#91;228&#93;</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Historic_sister_cities">Historic sister cities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="Edit section: Historic sister cities">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<table class="wikitable">\n\n<tbody><tr valign="top">\n<td>\n<ul><li><b>New York City</b> (USA) <i>1992</i><sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229">&#91;229&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_York_sisters_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_sisters-230">&#91;230&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sisterny_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sisterny-231">&#91;231&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a></b> (USA) <i>1990</i><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232">&#91;232&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b>Shanghai</b> (China) <i>2013</i><sup id="cite_ref-Budapest_–_Shanghai_twinning_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budapest_–_Shanghai_twinning-233">&#91;233&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b>Beijing</b> (China) <i>2005</i><sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234">&#91;234&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></b> (Iran) <i>2015</i><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">&#91;235&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b> (Germany) <i>1992</i><sup id="cite_ref-Berlin_twinnings_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berlin_twinnings-236">&#91;236&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237">&#91;237&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a></b> (Germany) <i>1990</i><sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">&#91;238&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b> (Austria) <i>1990</i><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239">&#91;239&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b> (Romania) <i>1997</i><sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240">&#91;240&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b> (Portugal) <i>1992</i><sup id="cite_ref-Lisbon_twinnings_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lisbon_twinnings-241">&#91;241&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lisbon_twinnings_2_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lisbon_twinnings_2-242">&#91;242&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></b> (Israel) <i>1989</i><sup id="cite_ref-twinning_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twinning-243">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b> (Croatia) <i>1994</i><sup id="cite_ref-Zagreb_Twinning_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zagreb_Twinning-244">&#91;244&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b> (Bosnia and Herzegovina) <i>1995</i><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245">&#91;245&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></b> (Italy) <i>2008</i><sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246">&#91;246&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Partnerships_around_the_world">Partnerships around the world</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="Edit section: Partnerships around the world">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>\n<table class="wikitable">\n\n<tbody><tr valign="top">\n<td>\n<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b> (Czech Republic) <i>2010</i><sup id="cite_ref-Prague_twinnings_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prague_twinnings-247">&#91;247&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></b> (Netherlands) <i>1991</i><sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248">&#91;248&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b> (Poland) <i>2005</i><sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249">&#91;249&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></b> (Poland) <i>2005</i><sup id="cite_ref-Kraków_partnerships_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraków_partnerships-250">&#91;250&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b> (Thailand) <i>2007</i><sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251">&#91;251&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b> (Indonesia) <i>2009</i><sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252">&#91;252&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Daejeon" title="Daejeon">Daejeon</a></b> (South Korea) <i>1994</i><sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253">&#91;253&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></b> (Italy) <i>1993</i><sup id="cite_ref-Naples_twinnings_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naples_twinnings-254">&#91;254&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></b> (Turkey) <i>1985</i><sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255">&#91;255&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a></b> (Turkey) <i>1985</i></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a></b> (Turkey) <i>2010</i></li></ul>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b> (Turkey) <i>2015</i><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256">&#91;256&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></b> (Iran) <i>2009</i></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b> (Bulgaria) <i>2009</i></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b> (Lithuania) <i>2000</i><sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257">&#91;257&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></b> (Slovakia) <i>1997</i><sup id="cite_ref-Košice_twinnings_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Košice_twinnings-258">&#91;258&#93;</a></sup></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></b> (Ukraine) <i>1993</i><sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259">&#91;259&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>\n</td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p>Some of the city\'s districts are also twinned to small cities or districts of other big cities; for details see the article <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_and_towns_in_Budapest#Sister_cities/districts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts and towns in Budapest">List of districts and towns in Budapest</a>.\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">\n<ul>\n<li><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="599" /></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li>\n<li><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li>\n<li><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></span></li>\n<li><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/48px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/64px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hungary" title="Portal:Hungary">Hungary portal</a></span></li></ul></div>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_of_Budapest" title="Bridges of Budapest">Bridges of Budapest</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_metropolitan_area" title="Budapest metropolitan area">Budapest metropolitan area</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Fort_Budapest" title="Battles of Fort Budapest">Fort Budapest</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Budapest" title="List of cemeteries in Budapest">List of cemeteries in Budapest</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Budapest" title="List of films shot in Budapest">List of films shot in Budapest</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Hungary" title="List of historical capitals of Hungary">List of historical capitals of Hungary</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Budapest" title="Music of Budapest">Music of Budapest</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hungary" title="Outline of Hungary">Outline of Hungary</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Spas_in_Budapest" title="Spas in Budapest">Spas in Budapest</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Urban_and_Suburban_Transit_Association" title="Urban and Suburban Transit Association">Urban and Suburban Transit Association</a> (most of its activity is centred on Budapest)</li></ul>\n<div style="clear:both;"></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">\n</div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>\n<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">\n<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">\n<li id="cite_note-Population18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Population18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_eves/i_wdsd001.html">"Population by type of settlement – annually"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Central_Statistical_Office" title="Hungarian Central Statistical Office">Hungarian Central Statistical Office</a>. 12 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Population+by+type+of+settlement+%E2%80%93+annually&amp;rft.pub=Hungarian+Central+Statistical+Office&amp;rft.date=2016-04-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksh.hu%2Fdocs%2Fhun%2Fxstadat%2Fxstadat_eves%2Fi_wdsd001.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r935243608">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\\"""\\"""\'""\'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-municipality-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-municipality_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-municipality_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-municipality_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://budapest.hu/sites/english/Lapok/The-Municipality-of-Budapest.aspx">"The Municipality of Budapest (official)"</a>. 11 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Municipality+of+Budapest+%28official%29&amp;rft.date=2014-09-11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbudapest.hu%2Fsites%2Fenglish%2FLapok%2FThe-Municipality-of-Budapest.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-britannica.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Budapest">"Budapest"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 11 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Eburon Uitgeverij. p.&#160;41. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5972-041-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5972-041-1"><bdi>978-90-5972-041-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=telep+lista&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bksz.hu%2Fpdf%2Ftelep_lista.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Aqua-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aqua_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aqua_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aqua_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aqua_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Aquincum">"Aquincum"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Aquincum&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAquincum&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sugar, Peter F.; Péter Hanák; <a href="/wiki/Tibor_Frank" title="Tibor Frank">Tibor Frank</a> (1990). "Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>A History of Hungary</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. p.&#160;3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-20867-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-20867-X"><bdi>0-253-20867-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Hungary+before+the+Hungarian+Conquest&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Hungary&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=0-253-20867-X&amp;rft.aulast=Sugar&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&amp;rft.au=P%C3%A9ter+Han%C3%A1k&amp;rft.au=Tibor+Frank&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSKwmGQCT0MAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Travel-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Travel_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Travel_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Travel_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Travel_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Travel_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Travel_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009042714/http://guides.travelchannel.com/budapest/city-guides/historical-background">"Budapest"</a>. Travel Channel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guides.travelchannel.com/budapest/city-guides/historical-background">the original</a> on 9 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Budapest&amp;rft.pub=Travel+Channel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguides.travelchannel.com%2Fbudapest%2Fcity-guides%2Fhistorical-background&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Eleventh-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eleventh_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eleventh_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eleventh_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Budapest"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Budapest">"Budapest"&#160;</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <b>4</b> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.&#160;734–737.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Budapest&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.pages=734-737&amp;rft.edition=11th&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Drake, Miriam A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=w1Xtjiyh9XYC&amp;pg=PA2494#PPA2498,M1">"Eastern Europe, England and Spain"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science</i>. CRC Press. p.&#160;2498. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8247-2080-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8247-2080-6"><bdi>0-8247-2080-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Eastern+Europe%2C+England+and+Spain&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Library+and+Information+Science&amp;rft.pages=2498&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-8247-2080-6&amp;rft.aulast=Drake&amp;rft.aufirst=Miriam+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dw1Xtjiyh9XYC%26pg%3DPA2494%23PPA2498%2CM1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Casmir, Fred L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=be2UW6NyposC&amp;pg=PA115">"Hungarian culture in communication"</a>. <i>Communication in Eastern Europe: The Role of History, Culture, and media in contemporary conflicts</i>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p.&#160;122. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8058-1625-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8058-1625-9"><bdi>0-8058-1625-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Hungarian+culture+in+communication&amp;rft.btitle=Communication+in+Eastern+Europe%3A+The+Role+of+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+media+in+contemporary+conflicts&amp;rft.pages=122&amp;rft.pub=Lawrence+Erlbaum+Associates&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=0-8058-1625-9&amp;rft.aulast=Casmir&amp;rft.aufirst=Fred+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dbe2UW6NyposC%26pg%3DPA115&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nagy, Balázs; Rady, Martyn; Szende, Katalin; Vadas, András (2016). <i>Medieval Buda in Context</i>. Leiden, Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004307674" title="Special:BookSources/9789004307674"><bdi>9789004307674</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1030542604">1030542604</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Medieval+Buda+in+Context&amp;rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&amp;rft.pub=Brill&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1030542604&amp;rft.isbn=9789004307674&amp;rft.aulast=Nagy&amp;rft.aufirst=Bal%C3%A1zs&amp;rft.au=Rady%2C+Martyn&amp;rft.au=Szende%2C+Katalin&amp;rft.au=Vadas%2C+Andr%C3%A1s&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 15</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 15.</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Watson, <i>Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary at War, 1914–1918</i> (2014). pp 536–40.: In the capital cities of Vienna and Budapest, the leftist and liberal movements and opposition parties strengthened and supported the separatism of ethnic minorities.</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UN General Assembly <i>Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary</i> (1957) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.oszk.hu/01200/01274/01274.pdf">"Chapter II.C, para 58 (p. 20)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chapter+II.C%2C+para+58+%28p.+20%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmek.oszk.hu%2F01200%2F01274%2F01274.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(1.47&#160;MB)</span></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-wilson-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wilson_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">John Lukacs (1994). <i>Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and Its Culture</i>. Grove Press. p.&#160;222. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3250-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3250-5"><bdi>978-0-8021-3250-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Budapest+1900%3A+A+Historical+Portrait+of+a+City+and+Its+Culture&amp;rft.pages=222&amp;rft.pub=Grove+Press&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3250-5&amp;rft.au=John+Lukacs&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010075636/https://www.thomaswhite.com/world-markets/hungary-emerging-economic-power-in-central-and-eastern-europe/">"Hungary: Emerging Economic Power In Central And Eastern Europe"</a>. Thomas White International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomaswhite.com/world-markets/hungary-emerging-economic-power-in-central-and-eastern-europe/">the original</a> on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hungary%3A+Emerging+Economic+Power+In+Central+And+Eastern+Europe&amp;rft.pub=Thomas+White+International&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomaswhite.com%2Fworld-markets%2Fhungary-emerging-economic-power-in-central-and-eastern-europe%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2018t.html">"Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network, Loughborough University"</a>. lboro.ac.uk. 24 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(Line 4 began operations in 2014, with a 110,000 ridership estimated by Centre for Budapest Transport (BKK) based on the latest year.)</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/156">"World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List"</a>. Unesco World Heritage Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Springer Verlag. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7908-1412-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7908-1412-1"><bdi>3-7908-1412-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Transformations+in+Hungary%3A+Essays+in+Economy+and+Society&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Verlag&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=3-7908-1412-1&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEXodLH8brNQC%26pg%3DPA291&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Jones_2017-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2017_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2017_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jones, Gwen (5 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fCgxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT205"><i>Chicago of the Balkans: Budapest in Hungarian Literature 1900–1939</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351572163" title="Special:BookSources/9781351572163"><bdi>9781351572163</bdi></a> &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chicago+of+the+Balkans%3A+Budapest+in+Hungarian+Literature+1900%E2%80%931939&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2017-07-05&amp;rft.isbn=9781351572163&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Gwen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfCgxDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT205&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bparchiv.hu/magyar/kiadvany/bpn/02/bacskai.html">Bácskai Vera: Széchenyi tervei Pest-Buda felemelésére és szépítésére</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615094722/http://bparchiv.hu/magyar/kiadvany/bpn/02/bacskai.html">Archived</a> 15 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation">Wells, John C. (2008), <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.), Longman, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Longman&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&amp;rft.aulast=Wells&amp;rft.aufirst=John+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Budapest">"Budapest | History, Geography, &amp; Points of Interest"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Budapest+%7C+History%2C+Geography%2C+%26+Points+of+Interest&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBudapest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=FJoDDAAAQBAJ">"Dictionary of American Family Names"</a>(Volume A–F), by Patrick Hanks, Oxford University Press, 2003, pages 179, 245.</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kiss, Lajos (1978). <i>Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára</i> &#91;<i>Etymological Dictionary of Geographic Names</i>&#93;. Budapest: Akadémiai. pp.&#160;131–132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=F%C3%B6ldrajzi+nevek+etimol%C3%B3giai+sz%C3%B3t%C3%A1ra&amp;rft.place=Budapest&amp;rft.pages=131-132&amp;rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.aulast=Kiss&amp;rft.aufirst=Lajos&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Györffy, György (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Pest_Buda_kialakul%c3%a1sa.html?id=uDUyAAAAMAAJ"><i>Pest-Buda kialakulása: Budapest története a honfoglalástól az Árpád-kor végi székvárossá alakulásig</i></a> &#91;<i>The Development of Pest and Buda: History of Budapest from the Great Migration until the End of the Árpád Dynasty</i>&#93;. Budapest: Akadémiai. p.&#160;62. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-05-7338-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-05-7338-2"><bdi>978-963-05-7338-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pest-Buda+kialakul%C3%A1sa%3A+Budapest+t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nete+a+honfoglal%C3%A1st%C3%B3l+az+%C3%81rp%C3%A1d-kor+v%C3%A9gi+sz%C3%A9kv%C3%A1ross%C3%A1+alakul%C3%A1sig&amp;rft.place=Budapest&amp;rft.pages=62&amp;rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-963-05-7338-2&amp;rft.aulast=Gy%C3%B6rffy&amp;rft.aufirst=Gy%C3%B6rgy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FPest_Buda_kialakul%25c3%25a1sa.html%3Fid%3DuDUyAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schütte, Gudmund (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Ptolemy_s_Maps_of_Northern_Europe.html?id=SkngAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ptolemy\'s Maps of Northern Europe</i></a>. Copenhagen: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Danish Geographical Society">Royal Danish Geographical Society</a>. p.&#160;101<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ptolemy%27s+Maps+of+Northern+Europe&amp;rft.place=Copenhagen&amp;rft.pages=101&amp;rft.pub=Royal+Danish+Geographical+Society&amp;rft.date=1917&amp;rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCtte&amp;rft.aufirst=Gudmund&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FPtolemy_s_Maps_of_Northern_Europe.html%3Fid%3DSkngAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laszlo Gerevich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epa.oszk.hu/02000/02007/00024/pdf/EPA2007_bp_regisegei_24_1_1976_043-058.pdf">A pesti es a budai var</a>, Budapest Regisegei 24/1, 1976, p. 47</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Adrian Room (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C"><i>Placenames of the World</i></a>. McFarland. p.&#160;70. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2248-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2248-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-2248-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+World&amp;rft.pages=70&amp;rft.pub=McFarland&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7&amp;rft.au=Adrian+Room&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM1JIPAN-eJ4C&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions.html">"Association of professional tour guides"</a>. Lovely Budapest<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Association+of+professional+tour+guides&amp;rft.pub=Lovely+Budapest&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flovelybudapest.com%2Fen%2Fabout-budapest%2Fbudapest-attractions.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Frank-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frank_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sugar, Peter F. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&amp;pg=PR9&amp;dq=The+Romans+roads,+amphitheaters+Aquincum+%C3%93buda">"Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofhungary00pete/page/5"><i>A History of Hungary</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofhungary00pete/page/5">5</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-20867-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-20867-5"><bdi>978-0-253-20867-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Hungary+before+the+Hungarian+Conquest&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Hungary&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-20867-5&amp;rft.aulast=Sugar&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSKwmGQCT0MAC%26pg%3DPR9%26dq%3DThe%2BRomans%2Broads%2C%2Bamphitheaters%2BAquincum%2B%25C3%2593buda&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquincum.hu/en/">"Aquincum – Aquincum Múzeum"</a>. Aquincum.hu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Aquincum+%E2%80%93+Aquincum+M%C3%BAzeum&amp;rft.pub=Aquincum.hu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aquincum.hu%2Fen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 12</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, p. 14</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Sugar-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sugar_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sugar, Peter F. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&amp;pg=PR9&amp;dq=Hungarian+university+1395+Buda">"The Angevine State"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofhungary00pete/page/48"><i>A History of Hungary</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofhungary00pete/page/48">48</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-20867-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-20867-5"><bdi>978-0-253-20867-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Angevine+State&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Hungary&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-20867-5&amp;rft.aulast=Sugar&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSKwmGQCT0MAC%26pg%3DPR9%26dq%3DHungarian%2Buniversity%2B1395%2BBuda&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mona, Ilona (1974). "Hungarian Music Publication 1774–1867". <i>Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</i>. Akadémiai Kiadó. <b>16</b> (1/4): 261–275. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F901850">10.2307/901850</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/901850">901850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Studia+Musicologica+Academiae+Scientiarum+Hungaricae&amp;rft.atitle=Hungarian+Music+Publication+1774%E2%80%931867&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.issue=1%2F4&amp;rft.pages=261-275&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F901850&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F901850&amp;rft.aulast=Mona&amp;rft.aufirst=Ilona&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Peter_F._Sugar_page_88-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_F._Sugar_page_88_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_F._Sugar_page_88_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule, 1354–1804, Peter F. Sugar, page 88</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/400">"Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue"</a>. UNESCO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Budapest%2C+including+the+Banks+of+the+Danube%2C+the+Buda+Castle+Quarter+and+Andr%C3%A1ssy+Avenue&amp;rft.pub=UNESCO&amp;rft.au=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F400&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hughes, Holly (13 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Wd0znOQhqOwC&amp;pg=PA91&amp;dq=chain+bridge+budapest#v=onepage&amp;q=chain%20bridge%20budapest">"7 Famous Briges"</a>. <i>Frommer\'s 500 Places to Take Your Kids Before They Grow Up</i>. Wiley Indianapolis Composition Services. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-57760-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-57760-8"><bdi>978-0-470-57760-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=7+Famous+Briges&amp;rft.btitle=Frommer%27s+500+Places+to+Take+Your+Kids+Before+They+Grow+Up&amp;rft.pub=Wiley+Indianapolis+Composition+Services&amp;rft.date=2009-08-13&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-470-57760-8&amp;rft.aulast=Hughes&amp;rft.aufirst=Holly&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DWd0znOQhqOwC%26pg%3DPA91%26dq%3Dchain%2Bbridge%2Bbudapest%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dchain%2520bridge%2520budapest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Budapest statisztikai évkönyve 1943 (Statistical Yearbook of Budapest, 1943), p. 33, Hungarian Central Statistical Office</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Budapest székes főváros Statisztikai és Közigazgatási Évkönyve 1921–1924</i> (Statistical Yearbook of Budapest, 1921–1924), p. 38, Hungarian Central Statistical Office</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Budapest_1946_p._12-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Budapest_1946_p._12_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Budapest statisztikai évkönyve 1944–1946 (Statistical Yearbook of Budapest, 1944–1946), p. 12, Hungarian Central Statistical Office</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531202859/http://www.judapest.org/faq/">"History of the word (Jewish-Hungarian Cultural Site)"</a> (in Hungarian). Judapest.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.judapest.org/faq/">the original</a> on 31 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+word+%28Jewish-Hungarian+Cultural+Site%29&amp;rft.pub=Judapest.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.judapest.org%2Ffaq%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jüdische Nachrichten (28 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buecher.hagalil.com/mandelbaum/budapest.htm">"Karl Pfeifer: Jüdisches Budapest (Jewish Budapest)"</a> (in German). Buecher.hagalil.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Karl+Pfeifer%3A+J%C3%BCdisches+Budapest+%28Jewish+Budapest%29&amp;rft.pub=Buecher.hagalil.com&amp;rft.date=2004-11-28&amp;rft.au=J%C3%BCdische+Nachrichten&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuecher.hagalil.com%2Fmandelbaum%2Fbudapest.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Macartney37-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Macartney37_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Macartney, C.A. (1937). <i>Hungary and her successors – The Treaty of Trianon and Its Consequences 1919–1937</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hungary+and+her+successors+%E2%80%93+The+Treaty+of+Trianon+and+Its+Consequences+1919%E2%80%931937&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1937&amp;rft.aulast=Macartney&amp;rft.aufirst=C.A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bernstein, Richard (9 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/09/world/east-on-the-danube-hungary-s-tragic-century.html">"East on the Danube: Hungary\'s Tragic Century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=East+on+the+Danube%3A+Hungary%27s+Tragic+Century&amp;rft.date=2003-08-09&amp;rft.aulast=Bernstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F08%2F09%2Fworld%2Feast-on-the-danube-hungary-s-tragic-century.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17889740">"RAF raids Budapest – second heavy attack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 5 April 1944.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&amp;rft.atitle=RAF+raids+Budapest+%E2%80%93+second+heavy+attack&amp;rft.date=1944-04-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F17889740&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/47691625">"RAF Follows US Raid on Budapest"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 5 April 1944.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&amp;rft.atitle=RAF+Follows+US+Raid+on+Budapest&amp;rft.date=1944-04-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F47691625&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11807143">"Budapest bombed by RAF"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 5 April 1944.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&amp;rft.atitle=Budapest+bombed+by+RAF&amp;rft.date=1944-04-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F11807143&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-chbridge-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chbridge_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgesofbudapest.com/bridge/chain_bridge">"Bridges of Budapest – Chain bridge"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bridges+of+Budapest+%E2%80%93+Chain+bridge&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bridgesofbudapest.com%2Fbridge%2Fchain_bridge&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005264">"Budapest"</a>. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Budapest&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3FModuleId%3D10005264&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/wallenberg.html">"Raoul Wallenberg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Raoul+Wallenberg&amp;rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fbiography%2Fwallenberg.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-timeisrael-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timeisrael_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times of Israel, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-orchestra-honors-italian-who-saved-5000-jews-from-nazis/">Israeli orchestra honors Italian who saved 5,000 Jews from Nazis</a></i>, 9 December 2014</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-ushm-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ushm_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interview to <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Perlasca" title="Giorgio Perlasca">Giorgio Perlasca</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>, 5 September 1990</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729004014/http://www.shapedscape.com/projects/memorial-to-the-1956-hungarian-revolution-and-war-of-independence">"Memorial to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence"</a>. Shapedscape. 6 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shapedscape.com/projects/memorial-to-the-1956-hungarian-revolution-and-war-of-independence">the original</a> on 29 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Memorial+to+the+1956+Hungarian+Revolution+and+War+of+Independence&amp;rft.date=2017-07-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shapedscape.com%2Fprojects%2Fmemorial-to-the-1956-hungarian-revolution-and-war-of-independence&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11871881.pdf">"Suburbanization and Its Consequences in the Budapest Metropolitan Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tocqueville Research Center. 6 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Suburbanization+and+Its+Consequences+in+the+Budapest+Metropolitan+Area&amp;rft.date=2017-07-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F11871881.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://budapest.hu/Lapok/Budapest-kor%C3%A1bbi-polg%C3%A1rmesterei-%C3%A9s-f%C5%91polg%C3%A1rmesterei.aspx">"Former Mayors of Budapest (Budapest korábbi polgármesterei és főpolgármesterei)"</a>. Government of Budapest. 6 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Former+Mayors+of+Budapest+%28Budapest+kor%C3%A1bbi+polg%C3%A1rmesterei+%C3%A9s+f%C5%91polg%C3%A1rmesterei%29&amp;rft.date=2017-07-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbudapest.hu%2FLapok%2FBudapest-kor%25C3%25A1bbi-polg%25C3%25A1rmesterei-%25C3%25A9s-f%25C5%2591polg%25C3%25A1rmesterei.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.hu/maps/place/Budapest/@47.4812134,19.1303031,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x4741c334d1d4cfc9:0x400c4290c1e1160">"Budapest"</a>. Google Maps<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Budapest&amp;rft.pub=Google+Maps&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.hu%2Fmaps%2Fplace%2FBudapest%2F%4047.4812134%2C19.1303031%2C11z%2Fdata%3D%213m1%214b1%214m2%213m1%211s0x4741c334d1d4cfc9%3A0x400c4290c1e1160&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Péter, Laszlo (21 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Budapest#toc59294">"Budapest"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Budapest&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.date=2013-11-21&amp;rft.aulast=P%C3%A9ter&amp;rft.aufirst=Laszlo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBudapest%23toc59294&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-budapest.com-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-budapest.com_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-budapest.com_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-budapest.com_89-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-budapest.com_89-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.budapest.com/city_guide/general_information/geography_of_budapest.en.html">"General information – Geography"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visitbudapest.travel/local-secrets/inner-city-parish-church/">the original</a> on 6 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+oldest+church+in+Pest&amp;rft.pub=visitbudapest.travel&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvisitbudapest.travel%2Flocal-secrets%2Finner-city-parish-church%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">András Végh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://budavar.btk.mta.hu/en/streets-squares-buildings/kapisztran-square/251-magdalene-tower.html">"Kapisztrán tér – Parish Church of Saint Maria Magdalene, Magdalene Tower"</a>. <i>Hungarian Academy of Sciences-BTM website</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hungarian+Academy+of+Sciences-BTM+website&amp;rft.atitle=Kapisztr%C3%A1n+t%C3%A9r+%E2%80%93+Parish+Church+of+Saint+Maria+Magdalene%2C+Magdalene+Tower&amp;rft.au=Andr%C3%A1s+V%C3%A9gh&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbudavar.btk.mta.hu%2Fen%2Fstreets-squares-buildings%2Fkapisztran-square%2F251-magdalene-tower.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Steves-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steves_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Steves, Rick; Hewitt, Cameron (2009). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781598802177"><i>Rick Steves\' Budapest</i></a></span>. 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A népesség számának alakulása, népsűrűség, népszaporodás (Total number of population, population density, natural growth), 1.1.4.2 A népesség nyelvismeret és nemek szerint (population by spoken language), 1.1.6.1 A népesség anyanyelv, nemzetiség és nemek szerint (population by mother tongue and ethnicity), 1.1.7.1 A népesség vallás, felekezet és nemek szerint (population by religion), 2.1.2.2 A népesség születési hely, korcsoport és nemek szerint (population by place of birth)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=N%C3%A9psz%C3%A1ml%C3%A1l%C3%A1s+2011%3A+Ter%C3%BCleti+adatok+%E2%80%93+Budapest&amp;rft.pub=Central+Statistical+Office&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksh.hu%2Fnepszamlalas%2Ftablak_teruleti_01&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABudapest" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Novekszik-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Novekszik_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Novekszik_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Novekszik_132-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://index.hu/belfold/budapest/2010/02/24/novekszik_budapest_nepessege/">"Budapest\'s population is increasing (Növekszik Budapest népessége)"</a>. 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