{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Algoritmusok Python nyelven\n",
    "\n",
    "## 2. Előadás, Függvények, egyszerű adattípusok, adatszerkezetek.\n",
    "\n",
    "### 2020. február 20."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Technikai információk\n",
    "\n",
    "### Diák elérhetősége:\n",
    "[damasdigabor.web.elte.hu/teaching](https://damasdigabor.web.elte.hu/teaching)\n",
    "\n",
    "Óra kezdés: 14:00"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Python\n",
    " - Indentálás, nem kell pontosvessző\n",
    " - Dinamikus típusok\n",
    " - Értékadásnál először a jobb oldal kiértékelődik, majd a bal oldalon lévő nevet hozzárendeljük az eredményhez."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Apróságok\n",
    " - A `#`-al kezdődő sorok kommentek, nem befolyásolják a programot. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 134,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 134,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2+2\n",
    "# 2+3\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 135,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import this"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### break és continue\n",
    "\n",
    "- `break`: ha korábban ki akarunk lépni egy ciklusból\n",
    "- `continue`: ha korábban szeretnénk a következő ciklus futásra lépni"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 136,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    if i % 2 == 0:\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 137,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    if i > 4:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Függvények"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 138,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "én egy nagyon okos függvény vagyok\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def foo():\n",
    "    print(\"én egy nagyon okos függvény vagyok\")\n",
    "     \n",
    "foo()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Függvény argumentumok, paraméterek \n",
    "\n",
    "1. pozíció szerinti (positional)\n",
    "2. kulcsszavas (named or keyword arguments)\n",
    "\n",
    "Először a pozíció szerintieket kell írni aztán a kulcsszavasokat"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 139,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "arg1  1\n",
      "arg2  2\n",
      "arg3  3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def foo(arg1, arg2, arg3):\n",
    "    print(\"arg1 \", arg1)\n",
    "    print(\"arg2 \", arg2)\n",
    "    print(\"arg3 \", arg3)\n",
    "    \n",
    "foo(1, 2,3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 140,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "arg1  1\n",
      "arg2  29\n",
      "arg3  2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "foo(1, arg3=2, arg2=29)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 141,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "arg3=4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Visszatérési érték, a `return` parancs\n",
    "\n",
    "- Egy függvénynek több visszatérési értéke is lehet\n",
    "  - Ilyenkor az értékek egy tuple-be kerülnek.\n",
    "- ha a függvény futása úgy ér véget, hogy nem ér el `return` parancsot, a visszatérési érték automatikusan `None` lesz.\n",
    "- Egy üres `return` parancs is `None`-nal tér vissza. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 142,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "negative\n",
      "('positive', 3) <class 'tuple'>\n",
      "None\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def foo(n):\n",
    "    if n < 0:\n",
    "        return \"negative\"\n",
    "    if 0 <= n < 10:\n",
    "        return \"positive\", n\n",
    "    # return None\n",
    "    # return\n",
    "\n",
    "print(foo(-2))\n",
    "print(foo(3), type(foo(3)))\n",
    "print(foo(12))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Mit is jelent, hogy egy függvényt meghívunk valamilyen argumentumokkal?\n",
    " - Létrejön egy lokális változó a paraméter névvel és az argumentumra fog mutatni. \n",
    " - Tényleg az átadott objektumra fog mutatni és nem csak egy másolatra!\n",
    " - Alapvetően az át nem adott objektumokat viszont nem látja!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 143,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['matek']\n",
      "['matek', 'matek']\n",
      "['matek', 'matek', 'matek']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l=[\"matek\"]\n",
    "def add_matek(k):\n",
    "    k.append(\"matek\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print(l)\n",
    "add_matek(l)\n",
    "print(l)\n",
    "add_matek(l)\n",
    "print(l)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 144,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "matek\n",
      "matek\n",
      "matek\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s=\"matek\"\n",
    "def add_matek(k):\n",
    "    k=k+\"matek\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(s)\n",
    "add_matek(s)\n",
    "print(s)\n",
    "add_matek(s)\n",
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Alapértelmezett argumentum (Default arguments)\n",
    "\n",
    "- Az argumentumoknak lehet alapértelmezett értéke. Ha nem érkezik egy ilyen paraméterhez argumentum akkor az alapértelmezett argumentumot kapja meg a függvény\n",
    "- Először kell megadni azokat az argumentumokat, amiknek nincs alapértelmezett értéke."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 146,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "arg1  1\n",
      "arg2  2\n",
      "arg3  3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def foo(arg1, arg2, arg3=3):\n",
    "    print(\"arg1 \", arg1)\n",
    "    print(\"arg2 \", arg2)\n",
    "    print(\"arg3 \", arg3)\n",
    "foo(1, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 147,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "arg1  2\n",
      "arg2  1\n",
      "arg3  3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "foo(2, arg2=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 148,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "arg1  1\n",
      "arg2  222\n",
      "arg3  33\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "foo(arg1=1, arg3=33, arg2=222)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Tetszőleges kihagyható közülük.  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 149,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "arg1  11\n",
      "arg2  33\n",
      "arg3  3\n",
      "\n",
      "arg1  11\n",
      "arg2  2\n",
      "arg3  33\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def foo(arg1, arg2=2, arg3=3):\n",
    "    print(\"arg1 \", arg1)\n",
    "    print(\"arg2 \", arg2)\n",
    "    print(\"arg3 \", arg3)\n",
    "    \n",
    "foo(11, 33)\n",
    "print(\"\")\n",
    "foo(11, arg3=33)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Emiatt rengeteg argumentumod lehet úgy is, hogy ez nem nehezíti meg a függvény használatát. Sok könyvtárban találunk olyan függvényeket, amiknek rengeteg argumentumunk van."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Például a következő függvényt a `pandas` könyvtárban találjuk:\n",
    "\n",
    "~~~python\n",
    " pandas.read_csv(filepath_or_buffer, sep=', ', delimiter=None, header='infer', names=None, index_col=None, usecols=None, squeeze=False, prefix=None, mangle_dupe_cols=True, dtype=None, engine=None, converters=None, true_values=None, false_values=None, skipinitialspace=False, skiprows=None, nrows=None, na_values=None, keep_default_na=True, na_filter=True, verbose=False, skip_blank_lines=True, parse_dates=False, infer_datetime_format=False, keep_date_col=False, date_parser=None, dayfirst=False, iterator=False, chunksize=None, compression='infer', thousands=None, decimal=b'.', lineterminator=None, quotechar='\"', quoting=0, escapechar=None, comment=None, encoding=None, dialect=None, tupleize_cols=False, error_bad_lines=True, warn_bad_lines=True, skipfooter=0, skip_footer=0, doublequote=True, delim_whitespace=False, as_recarray=False, compact_ints=False, use_unsigned=False, low_memory=True, buffer_lines=None, memory_map=False, float_precision=None)\n",
    " ~~~"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Dinamikus tipusok\n",
    "\n",
    "- nem kell deklarálni a változókat\n",
    "- az értékadás tetszőleges objektumra működik"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 150,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(int, 140705633509808)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 150,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 2\n",
    "type(i), id(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 151,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(str, 3070806732848)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 151,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = \"foo\"\n",
    "type(i), id(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Erősen típusos nyelv\n",
    "\n",
    "- a legtöbb implicit konverzió nem megengedett.\n",
    "- numerikus típusok között lehet konvertálni:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 152,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'> <class 'float'>\n",
      "<class 'float'>\n",
      "3.2 <class 'float'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 2\n",
    "f = 1.2\n",
    "s = i + f\n",
    "print(type(i), type(f))\n",
    "print(type(i + f))\n",
    "print(s,type(s))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- konverzió stringek és numerikus típusok között nem megengedett"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 153,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    " #print(\"Nekem \" + 3.1415 + \" az IQ-m\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Viszont explicit konverzióval működik:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 154,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Nekem 3.1415 az IQ-m\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Nekem \" + str(3.1415) + \" az IQ-m\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Beépített típusok és operátorok.\n",
    " - Boolean  (Igazság)\n",
    " - Numerikus (Szám)\n",
    " - String  (Szöveg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### boolean operátorok\n",
    "\n",
    "- három boolean operátor van: `and`, `or` and `not`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 155,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 155,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 2\n",
    "\n",
    "x < 2 and x >= 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 156,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 156,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x > 0 and x < 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 157,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 157,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "not x < 0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### boolean típus\n",
    "\n",
    "- két boolean érték: `True` és `False` (nagybetűvel kell kezdeni!!!)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 158,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 158,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = True\n",
    "type(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 159,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 159,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True and False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 160,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 160,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True or False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 161,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 161,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "not True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 162,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 162,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True and True and False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Numerikus típusok\n",
    "\n",
    "- három numerikus típus: `int`, `float` and `complex`\n",
    "- a kezdeti értéktől függ az objektum típusa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 163,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(int, float, complex)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 163,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 2\n",
    "f = 1.2\n",
    "c = 1+2j\n",
    "\n",
    "type(i), type(f), type(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- implicit konverzió működik köztük aritmetikai műveletek esetén\n",
    "- az eredmény típusa mindig a legkevesebb információ veszteséggel járó típus"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 164,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(3+2j) <class 'complex'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c2 = i + c\n",
    "print(c2, type(c2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Tartomány\n",
    "\n",
    "- Az egészek tetszőleges méretűek lehetnek, csak a számítógép hardver oldala szab határt.\n",
    "- Python 2-ben más a helyzet!\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 165,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       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38131048296612979081477663269791394570357390537422769779633811568396223208402597025155304734389883109376"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 165,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2**100000"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 166,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 166,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(2**63 + 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## float\n",
    "\n",
    "- floatok általában a C double típusán alapszanak, így a precizitásuk véges\n",
    "- komplex számok pedig két floatot használnak.\n",
    "- pontos információt a  `sys.float_info` parancs segítségével kapunk"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 167,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "sys.float_info(max=1.7976931348623157e+308, max_exp=1024, max_10_exp=308, min=2.2250738585072014e-308, min_exp=-1021, min_10_exp=-307, dig=15, mant_dig=53, epsilon=2.220446049250313e-16, radix=2, rounds=1)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 167,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import sys\n",
    "sys.float_info"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 168,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "sys.int_info(bits_per_digit=30, sizeof_digit=4)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 168,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sys.int_info"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Aritmetikai operátorok\n",
    "\n",
    "- összadás, kivonás, szorzás a szokásos módon működik"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 169,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6.2 <class 'float'>\n",
      "(0.10000000000000053+3j) <class 'complex'>\n",
      "(8.2-6j) <class 'complex'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 2\n",
    "f = 4.2\n",
    "c = 4.1-3j\n",
    "\n",
    "s1 = i + f\n",
    "s2 = f - c\n",
    "s3 = i * c\n",
    "print(s1, type(s1))\n",
    "print(s2, type(s2))\n",
    "print(s3, type(s3))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Osztás vs benfoglalás\n",
    "- `/` törtet is adhat\n",
    "- `//` a hányados egész részét adja vissza\n",
    "- Python 2-ben más!\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 170,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 170,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 / 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 171,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(-2.0, 1)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 171,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "-3.0 // 2, 3 // 2 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 172,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(5.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 172,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4 / 0.8, 4.0 / 0.8, 4 // 0.8, 4.0 // 0.8 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Mi a megoldás a ilyesmi problémák elkerülésére?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Összehasnolító operátorok"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 173,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(True, True)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 173,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 23\n",
    "x < 24, x >= 22"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Össze is lehet őket láncolni"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 174,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 174,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "23 < x < 100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 175,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 175,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "23 <= x < 100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Egyéb operátorok\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Maradék"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 176,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 176,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5 % 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Hatványozás"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 177,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 177,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 ** 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 178,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.4142135623730951"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 178,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 ** 0.5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Abszolút érték"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 179,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2.23606797749979, 1.4142135623730951)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 179,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "abs(-2 - 1j), abs(1+1j)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Kerekítés"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 180,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2, 2.35, 4)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 180,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "round(2.3456), round(2.3456, 2), round(3.5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Explicit konverzió"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 181,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 181,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "float(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 182,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(-2, 2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 182,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 0 felé kerekít\n",
    "int(-2.7), int(2.7)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### A `math` és `cmath` modulok még sok mást tartalmaznak\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 183,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2.772588722239781, 4.0, 7.38905609893065, 10.000000000000002)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 183,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "\n",
    "math.log(16), math.log(16, 2), math.exp(2), math.exp(math.log(10))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Mutable vs. immutable típusok\n",
    "\n",
    "- mutable típusba tartozó objektumok helyben változtathatóak\n",
    "- immutable objektumok egész életükben egyetlen értékkel rendelkeznek\n",
    "- minden numerikus típusok immutable "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 184,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\"asd\"+\"asd\"\n",
    "a=2\n",
    "a=3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 185,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 2\n",
    "old_id = id(x)\n",
    "x = x + 1\n",
    "print(id(x) == old_id)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 186,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "-10\n",
      "-9\n",
      "-8\n",
      "-7\n",
      "-6\n",
      "257\n",
      "258\n",
      "259\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(-10, 260):\n",
    "    x = i\n",
    "    y = i + 1 - 1\n",
    "    if x is not y:\n",
    "        print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Mutable?  bool értékek\n",
    "\n",
    "Egyedi immutable objektumok, csak egy példány van belőlük."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 187,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = True\n",
    "y = False\n",
    "print(x is y)\n",
    "x = False\n",
    "print(x is y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Mutable? listák"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 188,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 188,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l1 = [0, 1]\n",
    "old_id = id(l1)\n",
    "l1.append(2)\n",
    "old_id == id(l1)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 189,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 189,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[1,2] is [1,2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "A listák helyben megváltoztathatóak"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Sorozat típusok\n",
    "\n",
    "- minden lista/sorozat szerű típus támogatja a következő függvényeket\n",
    "\n",
    "| operation | behaviour |\n",
    "| :----- | :----- |\n",
    "| `x in s` | \tTrue ha s egyenlő x valamelyik elemével, különben False|\n",
    "| `x not in s` | \tFlase ha s egyenlő x valamelyik elemével, különben True |\n",
    "| `s + t` | \ts és t összefűzése |\n",
    "| `s * n or n * s` | \tekvivalens azzal, hogy összeadjuk s-nek n darab példányát |\n",
    "| `s[i]` | \ts-nek az i. eleme, 0-tól kezdve |\n",
    "| `s[i:j]` | \t s-nek az i-től j-ig tartó szelete |\n",
    "| `s[i:j:k]` | \t s-nek az i-től j-ig tartó szelete k lépésközzel |\n",
    "| `len(s)` | \ts hossza |\n",
    "| `min(s)` | \t s legkisebb eleme |\n",
    "| `max(s)` | \t s legnagyobb eleme |\n",
    "| `s.index(x[, i[, j]])` | \ts első előfordulásának indexe x-ben (az i. indextől a j.-ig tartó részen) |\n",
    "| `s.count(x)` | \ts x-beli megjelenéseinek száma |\n",
    "\n",
    "[Table source](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#common-sequence-operations)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### list\n",
    "\n",
    "- mutable sorozat típus "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 190,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 190,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, 2, 2, 3]\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 191,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 191,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 192,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    " # l[4]  # raises IndexError"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 193,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(3, 3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 193,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[-1], l[len(l)-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### append, insert, del"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 194,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 194,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "l.append(3)\n",
    "l.clear()\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 195,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 5, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 195,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "l.insert(1, 5)\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 196,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 1]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 196,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l= [1, 2, 5, 1]\n",
    "del l[2]\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Indexelés, range-k"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 197,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 197,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = []\n",
    "for i in range(20):\n",
    "    l.append(2*i + 1)\n",
    "l[2:5]\n",
    "l[:10]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 198,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[33, 35, 37, 39]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 198,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[-4:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 199,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 3, 5]\n",
      "[3, 5, 7]\n",
      "[5, 7, 9]\n",
      "[7, 9, 11]\n",
      "[9, 11, 13]\n",
      "[11, 13, 15]\n",
      "[13, 15, 17]\n",
      "[15, 17, 19]\n",
      "[17, 19, 21]\n",
      "[19, 21, 23]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    print(l[i:i+3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 200,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[5, 11, 17]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 200,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[2:11:3] "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Vajon mi az eredmény?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 201,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[39, 37, 35, 33, 31, 29, 27, 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 1]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 201,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[::-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "A lista mutable, elemek megváltoztathatóak:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 202,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 202,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = []\n",
    "old_id = id(l)\n",
    "\n",
    "for element in range(1, 3):\n",
    "    l.append(element)\n",
    "    print(id(l) == old_id)\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 203,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l[1] = 12"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 204,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(5, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 204,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, 2]\n",
    "l.extend([3, 4, 5])\n",
    "len(l), l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Az = operáció egy referenciát állít be\n",
    "\n",
    "- nem jön létre új objektum"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 205,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 205,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l=[1,2]\n",
    "l2 = l.copy()\n",
    "print(l is l2)\n",
    "\n",
    "l2.append(42)\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 206,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'alma'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 206,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=\"alma\"\n",
    "b=a\n",
    "b=b+\"alma\"\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### az elemeknek nem kell azonos típusunak lennie "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 207,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, -1, 'foo', 2, 'bar']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 207,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [1, -1, \"foo\", 2, \"bar\"]\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### listákon végigmehetünk for ciklussal"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 208,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "-1\n",
      "foo\n",
      "2\n",
      "bar\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for element in l:\n",
    "    print(element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### enumerate\n",
    "\n",
    "ha szükségünk van az indexre is, a beépített `enumerate` függvény index-elem párokon fut végig"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 209,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 asd\n",
      "1 1\n",
      "2 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l=[\"asd\",1,2]\n",
    "for i, element in enumerate(l):\n",
    "    print(i, element)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Lista rendezés\n",
    "\n",
    "- rendezni lehet a beépített `sorted` függvény segítségével"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 210,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "-1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "11\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l = [3, -1, 2, 11]\n",
    "\n",
    "for e in sorted(l):\n",
    "    print(e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "A `key` argumentummal megadhatjuk, hogy mi szerint rendezzünk"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 211,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['apple', 5]\n",
      "['milk', 1]\n",
      "['bread', 3]\n",
      "['pear', 2, 2]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "shopping_list = [\n",
    "    [\"apple\", 5],\n",
    "    [\"pear\", 2,2],\n",
    "    [\"milk\", 1],\n",
    "    [\"bread\", 3],\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "for product in sorted(shopping_list, key=lambda x: len(x)):\n",
    "    print(product)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Helyben is lehet rendezni a .sort() metódussal."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 212,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[-1, 2, 3, 11]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 212,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l=[3, -1, 2, 11]\n",
    "l.sort()\n",
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### A * operátor\n",
    " A `*` operátor segítségével \"kibonthatunk\" egy listát. A `*l` kifejezés felsorolja az `l` lista elemeit de már nem egy lista objektum. Ez tipikusan akkor hasznos, ha egy függvény sok paramétert vár.   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 213,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['alma', 'körte', 'piskóta']\n",
      "alma körte piskóta\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l=[\"alma\",\"körte\",\"piskóta\"]\n",
    "print(l)\n",
    "print(*l)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 214,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "60"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 214,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def osszeg(x,y,z):\n",
    "    return x+y+z\n",
    "osszeg(*[10,20,30])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Függvények újra. `args` és `kwargs`\n",
    "\n",
    "- mind a pozíciós és a kulcsszavas argumentumok is összegyűjthetőek a `*` és `**` operátorokkal\n",
    "- a pozíciós argumentumok tuplebe kerülnek"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 133,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'tuple'>\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "-1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def arbitrary_positional_f(*args):\n",
    "    print(type(args))\n",
    "    for arg in args:\n",
    "        print(arg)\n",
    "        \n",
    "arbitrary_positional_f(1, 2, -1)\n",
    "# arbitrary_positional_f(1, 2, arg=-1)  # raises TypeError"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Lambda kifejezések\n",
    "\n",
    "- névtelen függvények\n",
    "- lehet paramétere\n",
    "- nem fér hozzá semmihez"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l = [-1, 0, -10, 2, 3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Rendezzünk például abszolút érték szerint. A beépített `sorted` függvény nem elég:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for e in sorted(l):\n",
    "    print(e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "De megadhatjuk, hogy milyen `key` kulcsot használjon:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for e in sorted(l, key=lambda x: abs(x)):\n",
    "    print(e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Bármilyen függvényt használhatunk"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for e in sorted(l, key=abs):\n",
    "    print(e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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